# Automated Soil Profile Classification per 'WRB' 2022, 'SiBCS' 5 and 'USDA' Soil Taxonomy 13

## Documentation for package ‘soilKey’ version 0.9.97

- DESCRIPTION file.
- User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
- Code demos. Use demo() to run them.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y misc

## -- A --

abrupt_textural_difference | Abrupt textural difference (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.1)
acric_andisol_usda | Acric Subgroup helper (Andisols Acrudoxic / Acraquoxic / Acrustoxic / etc.)
acric_oxisol_usda | Acric Oxisol Suborder helper (Acroperox/Acrudox/Acrustox/Acraquox) Pass when oxic or kandic horizon has ECEC < 1.5 cmol/kg clay AND pH (KCl) >= 5.0.
acrisol | Acrisol RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
aeolic_material | Aeolic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.1)
aeric_oxisol_usda | Aeric Subgroup (for Oxisols Aquox) - chroma-3 below epipedon Already defined for Aquods; here we add Oxisol-specific variant (any 10+ cm horizon below A with chroma >= 3 in 50%+ peds).
aeric_subgroup_usda | Aeric Subgroup helper (Aquods) Pass when ochric epipedon is present (vs. histic/umbric/etc).
albaquult_qualifying_usda | Albic-over-argillic qualifying (Albaquults) Pass when albic horizon overlies an argillic horizon directly.
albeluvic_glossae | Albeluvic glossae (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.2)
albic | Albic horizon (WRB 2022)
albic_horizon_usda | Albic horizon (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3)
albic_subgroup_usda | Albic Subgroup helper (Albaquultic / Albaquic)
alboll_qualifying_usda | Albolls qualifier: mollic + albic + argillic.
alfic_subgroup_usda | Alfic Subgroup helper (Spodosols): argillic or kandic with BS >= 35%
alfisol_qualifying_usda | Alfisol Order qualifier Pass when argillic OR kandic horizon present + BS >= 35% in some part.
alfisol_usda | Alfisols (USDA Cap 5): argillic/kandic/natric horizon + base saturation >= 35% at the implicit reference depth.
alic_andisol_usda | Alic Subgroup helper (Andisols) Pass when al_kcl_cmol > 2.0 in a 10+ cm layer between 25 and 50 cm.
alisol | Alisol RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
al_rich_spodic_usda | Aluminum-rich spodic helper (Alaquods, Alorthods, KST Ch 14)
andic_properties | Andic properties (WRB 2022)
andic_soil_properties_usda | Andic soil properties (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 32)
andic_subgroup_usda | Andic Subgroup helper (USDA, KST 13ed)
andisol_qualifying_usda | Andisol Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 7)
andisol_usda | Andisols (USDA Cap 6): andic soil properties >= 60% of thickness.
andosol | Andosol RSG gate (WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 104)
anhydrous_conditions_usda | Anhydrous conditions (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
anionic_subgroup_usda | Anionic Subgroup helper (Oxisols)
annotate_wrb_from_usda | Annotate KSSL/NASIS pedons with a derived WRB Reference Soil Group
anthraquic | Anthraquic horizon (WRB 2022): puddled-rice / paddy plough layer. v0.3.3 detects via designation pattern 'Apl|Ap|Hh'.
anthric_horizons | Anthric horizons (WRB 2022)
aqualf_qualifying_usda | Aqualf Suborder qualifier (aquic conditions in argillic Alfisol).
aquandic_subgroup_usda | Aquandic Subgroup helper (Spodosols / others) Aquic + Andic.
aquand_qualifying_usda | Aquands Suborder qualifier (Cap 6, p 117) Pass when histic OR aquic conditions in 40-50 cm with redox features. Simplified: histic OR aquic_conditions(max_top=50).
aquent_qualifying_usda | Aquent Suborder qualifier (Entisol with aquic conditions <50 cm).
aquept_qualifying_usda | Aquept Suborder qualifier
aquert_qualifying_usda | Aquerts qualifier (Vertisols with aquic conditions) Pass when aquic_conditions within 50 cm.
aquic_conditions_usda | Aquic conditions (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
aquic_subgroup_usda | Aquic Subgroup helper (within 100 cm of mineral soil surface)
aquoll_qualifying_usda | Aquolls qualifier (aquic conditions in mollic).
aquult_qualifying_usda | Aquult Suborder qualifier Pass when aquic_conditions within 50 cm.
arenic_subgroup_usda | Arenic / Grossarenic Subgroup helper (Spodosols)
arenic_texture | Arenic texture (WRB 2022)
argic | Argic horizon (WRB 2022)
argic_aqp | Argic / argillic horizon via aqp::getArgillicBounds()
argic_aridisol_usda | Argic Aridisol helper - argillic-or-kandic in Argids/Cryids/etc.
argic_mollisol_usda | Argic Mollisol Suborder helper - delegates argillic_within_usda.
argic_subgroup_usda | Argic Subgroup helper (Endoaquods/Fragiaquods): argillic or kandic. Synonym of ultic at this level. Re-exported for naming clarity.
argic_with_strong_clay_films | Test whether a pedon's argic horizon has strong clay films
argillic_clay_films_test | Test for clay-illuviation evidence (KST 13ed Ch 3 p 4)
argillic_or_kandic_usda | Argillic-or-Kandic helper (USDA, used in Spodosols Subgroups)
argillic_usda | Argillic horizon (USDA Soil Taxonomy)
argillic_within_usda | Argillic horizon helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3)
argissolo | Argissolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 114; conceito Cap 3, p 86-88)
argissolo_acinzentado | Argissolos Acinzentados (SiBCS Cap 5)
argissolo_amarelo | Argissolos Amarelos (SiBCS Cap 5)
argissolo_bruno_acinzentado | Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados (SiBCS Cap 5)
argissolo_vermelho | Argissolos Vermelhos (SiBCS Cap 5)
argissolo_vermelho_amarelo | Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelos (catch-all dos Argissolos)
aridisol_qualifying_usda | Aridisol Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 2) Pass when the soil has aridic SMR AND any one of: argillic, natric, kandic, calcic, petrocalcic, gypsic, petrogypsic, salic, duripan, cambic, sulfuric horizon. Also requires no other prior order match.
aridisol_usda | Aridisols (USDA Cap 7): aridic moisture regime + ochric/anthropic + subsurface diagnostic. v0.8 simplification: detected via aridity proxies (low EC OR salic OR caracter combinations) + non-mollic surface + low OC (no organic accumulation).
artefacts | Artefacts (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.2)
as_aqp | Convert one or more PedonRecord objects to an aqp SoilProfileCollection
atividade_argila_alta | Atividade da fracao argila (SiBCS Cap 1, p 30)
attach_lucas_spectra | Attach LUCAS 2018 Vis-NIR spectra to a list of PedonRecord objects
audit_argic_strong_films | Audit the strong-clay-films exclusion across a list of pedons
auto_set_proj_env | Auto-detect PROJ_LIB and GDAL_DATA directories
available_esdb_attributes | List ESDB Raster Library attributes available at a given root

## -- B --

batch_robustness | Batch robustness across many pedons
benchmark_afsp | Benchmark soilKey WRB predictions against AfSP ground truth
benchmark_bdsolos | Benchmark soilKey classifiers against BDsolos national reference labels
benchmark_lucas_2018 | Run the LUCAS Soil 2018 / ESDB WRB benchmark
benchmark_performance | Run the soilKey performance benchmark
benchmark_redape | Benchmark soilKey SiBCS predictions against the Redape gold standard
benchmark_run_classification | Run a benchmark across one of the loaded pedon lists
benchmark_unified | Unified cross-dataset benchmark across SiBCS / WRB / USDA
benchmark_wrb_vs_usda | Benchmark soilKey WRB predictions against a USDA-derived ground truth
B_espodico | Horizonte B espodico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 62-65; v0.7)
B_incipiente | Horizonte B incipiente (SiBCS Cap 2, p 59-61; v0.7)
B_latossolico | Horizonte B latossolico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 57-59; v0.7 strict)
B_nitico | Horizonte B nitico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 61-62; v0.7)
B_planico | Horizonte B planico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 65-66; v0.7)
B_textural | Horizonte B textural (SiBCS Cap 2, p 54-57; v0.7 strict)

## -- C --

calcaric_material | Calcaric material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.3): \>= 2% CaCO3 throughout the fine earth, primary carbonates from the parent material.
calcic | Calcic horizon (WRB 2022)
calcic_horizon_usda | Calcic horizon (USDA, delegates to WRB calcic).
calcic_subgroup_usda | Calcic Subgroup helper - delegates to calcic_horizon_usda within 'max_top_cm'.
cambic | Cambic horizon (WRB 2022)
cambic_aqp | Cambic horizon via aqp::getCambicBounds()
cambissolo | Cambissolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 113; conceito Cap 3, p 88-89)
cambissolo_fluvico | Cambissolos Fluvicos (Cap 6): carater fluvico.
cambissolo_haplico | Cambissolos Haplicos (catch-all).
cambissolo_histico | Cambissolos Histicos (Cap 6): horizonte histico sem espessura para Organossolo.
cambissolo_humico | Cambissolos Humicos (Cap 6): horizonte A humico.
canonicalise_kst13ed_gg | Canonicalise a USDA Great Group label to a KST 13ed-compatible key
canonical_reference | Load a canonical reference dataset from soilKey or SoilTaxonomy
carater_acrico | Carater acrico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 31)
carater_alitico | Carater alitico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 32)
carater_arenico | Carater arenico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_argiluvico | Carater argiluvico (SiBCS Cap 1; Cap 6)
carater_cambissolico | Carater cambissolico (SiBCS Cap 14)
carater_cambissolico_arg | Carater cambissolico (Argissolos - Cap 5)
carater_carbonatico | Carater carbonatico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 33)
carater_chernossolico | Carater chernossolico (SiBCS Cap 5; A chernozemico + Ta alta)
carater_coeso | Carater coeso (SiBCS Cap 1, pp 32-33)
carater_durico | Carater durico (SiBCS Cap 1)
carater_ebanico | Carater ebanico (SiBCS Cap 1; Cap 7 e Cap 17)
carater_espessarenico | Carater espessarenico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_espodico | Carater espodico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 35; Cap 8)
carater_espodico_profundo | Carater B espodico profundo (SiBCS Cap 8)
carater_eutrico | Carater eutrico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 35)
carater_ferrico | Carater ferrico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 35; Cap 5 e Cap 10)
carater_fluvico | Carater fluvico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 35-36): camadas estratificadas + distribuicao irregular de C organico. Reuso de fluvic_material (WRB).
carater_gleissolico | Carater gleissolico (SiBCS Cap 5; horizonte_glei em posicao nao-Gleissolo)
carater_hidromorfico | Carater hidromorfico (SiBCS Cap 8)
carater_hipocarbonatico | Carater hipocarbonatico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 33): CaCO3 entre 50 e 150 g/kg.
carater_humico_espesso | Carater espesso-humico (SiBCS Cap 5, p 119)
carater_latossolico | Carater latossolico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_leptico | Carater leptico (SiBCS Cap 5; contato litico em 50-100 cm)
carater_leptofragmentario | Carater leptofragmentario (SiBCS Cap 5; Cr / fragmentary 50-100 cm)
carater_luvissolico | Carater luvissolico (SiBCS Cap 5; Ta + S alta)
carater_nitossolico | Carater nitossolico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_palico | Carater palico (SiBCS Cap 11)
carater_perferrico | Carater perferrico (SiBCS Cap 1; Cap 6 CX Perferricos)
carater_petroplintico | Carater petroplintico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_placico | Carater placico (SiBCS Cap 5; horizonte placico cementado por Fe/Mn)
carater_planossolico | Carater planossolico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_plintico | Carater plintico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 36): plintita >= 5% em quantidade insuficiente para horizonte plintico.
carater_psamitico | Carater psamitico (SiBCS Cap 10)
carater_redoxico | Carater redoxico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 36-37): feicoes redoximorficas em quantidade pelo menos comum, dentro da secao de controle. 'epirredoxico' se dentro de 50 cm; 'endorredoxico' se 50-150 cm.
carater_retratil | Carater retratil (SiBCS Cap 1, p 33)
carater_rubrico | Carater rubrico (SiBCS Cap 1; Cap 10 Latossolos Brunos)
carater_salico | Carater salico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 38): CE >= 7 dS/m em alguma epoca.
carater_salino | Carater salino (SiBCS Cap 1, p 39): 4 <= CE < 7 dS/m.
carater_saprolitico | Carater saprolitico (SiBCS Cap 5)
carater_sodico | Carater sodico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 39): saturacao por sodio (PST) >= 15%.
carater_solodico | Carater solodico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 39): PST entre 6% e < 15%.
carater_sombrico | Carater sombrico (SiBCS Cap 1; Cap 5 PV)
carater_terrico | Carater terrico (SiBCS Cap 14)
carater_tionico | Carater tionico (SiBCS Cap 9; Cap 1 thionic-related)
carater_vertissolico | Carater vertissolico (SiBCS Cap 6)
cerosidade | Cerosidade quantitativa (SiBCS Cap 13, p 207; Cap 1)
chernic | Chernic horizon (WRB 2022): the cherozemic-style mollic with very high biological activity (worm holes, casts, coprolites). v0.3.3: delegates to mollic + worm_holes_pct >= 50 (proxy for "biological homogenization").
chernossolo | Chernossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 113; conceito Cap 3, p 89-90)
chernossolo_argiluvico | Chernossolos Argiluvicos (Cap 7): B textural abaixo do A chernozemico.
chernossolo_ebanico | Chernossolos Ebanicos (Cap 7): caracter ebanico em B. v0.7.1: detecta via Munsell em B - hue 7.5YR ou mais amarelo: V<4 + C<3 umido; OR hue mais vermelho 7.5YR: preto/cinza muito escuro.
chernossolo_haplico | Chernossolos Haplicos (catch-all).
chernossolo_rendzico | Chernossolos Rendzicos (Cap 7): A chernozemico + (calcico/petrocalcico OR carater carbonatico).
chernozem | Chernozem RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
chernozem_strict | Chernozem RSG gate (strengthened, WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 111)
claric_material | Claric material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.4): light-coloured fine earth with Munsell criteria.
ClassificationResult | ClassificationResult: structured outcome of running a key
classification_robustness | Robustness of classification under input perturbation
classify_all | Classify a pedon across all three taxonomic systems
classify_by_spectral_neighbours | Classify a soil by spectral similarity to OSSL reference profiles
classify_from_documents | Build a fully-classified 'PedonRecord' from documents in one call
classify_sibcs | Classifica um pedon segundo o SiBCS 5a edicao (1o + 2o + 3o + 4o niveis)
classify_sibcs_familia | Classifica um perfil no 5o nivel categorico do SiBCS (Familia)
classify_usda | Classify a pedon under USDA Soil Taxonomy (13th edition)
classify_via_smartsolos_api | Classify a PedonRecord via Embrapa's SmartSolosExpert REST API
classify_with_engine_heuristic | Classify a pedon with the engine chosen by 'pick_engine()'
classify_wrb2022 | Classify a pedon under WRB 2022
clear_kst13_cache | Clear the in-memory KST13 cache
clear_ossl_cache | Clear the soilKey OSSL cache
combine_priors | Combine multiple spatial priors via weighted geometric mean
compare_engines | Side-by-side comparison of soilKey vs aqp diagnostic engines
compare_smartsolos | Cross-validate the local SiBCS classifier against the SmartSolosExpert API
compute_ki | Ki (silica:alumina molar) - SiBCS Cap 1, p 32
compute_kr | Kr (silica:sesquioxidos molar) - SiBCS Cap 1, p 32
contato_litico | Contato litico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 40): rocha continua dura. Reuso de 'continuous_rock' via designacao R / Cr.
contato_litico_fragmentario | Contato litico fragmentario (SiBCS Cap 1, p 40): rocha fragmentada.
continuous_rock | Continuous rock (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.5)
cryic_conditions | Cryic conditions (WRB 2022)
cryoturbation_usda | Cryoturbation (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
cumulic_subgroup_usda | Cumulic Subgroup helper (Mollorthels / Umbrorthels)

## -- D --

densiaquept_qualifying_usda | Densiaquept qualifying (densic contact within 100 cm)
DiagnosticResult | DiagnosticResult: structured outcome of a diagnostic test
distrofico | Solo distrofico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 30)
dolomitic_material | Dolomitic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.5): \>= 2% Mg-rich carbonate, CaCO3/MgCO3 < 1.5. v0.3.3: detects via designation pattern 'kdo|do|magn' as proxy when ratio data missing.
download_bdsolos | Download the BDsolos consulta-publica CSV (experimental, requires chromote)
download_extdata_cache | Download one or more soilKey lazy-fetch caches from GitHub Release
download_ossl_subset | Download an OSSL subset and return an 'ossl_library' artefact
download_ossl_subset_with_labels | Download an OSSL subset and attach WRB / SiBCS / USDA labels
download_redape_dataset | Download the curated Redape GeoTab dataset (Vaz et al 2023)
duric_horizon | Duric horizon (WRB 2022)
duric_subgroup_usda | Duric Subgroup helper (USDA Spodosols)
duripa | Duripa (SiBCS Cap 2, p 74; v0.7)
duripan_usda | Duripan (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, pp 36-37)
dystric_subgroup_usda | Dystric Subgroup helper (Vertisols Dystr*) Pass when BS (NH4OAc) < 50% in some part of the upper 100 cm.

## -- E --

entic_subgroup_usda | Entic Subgroup helper (Spodosols)
entisol_usda | Entisols (USDA Cap 8): catch-all for soils that don't match any other Order. Always passes.
episaturation_usda | Episaturation helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 41) Pass when aquic conditions PLUS perched water (saturation type "episaturation").
espodossolo | Espodossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 112; conceito Cap 3, p 90-91)
espodossolo_ferriluvico | Espodossolos Ferriluvicos (Cap 8): B espodico tipo Bs (Fe + Al, baixo OC iluvial).
espodossolo_ferri_humiluvico | Espodossolos Ferri-humiluvicos (Cap 8): B espodico tipo Bhs OR catch-all dos espodossolos.
espodossolo_humiluvico | Espodossolos Humiluvicos (Cap 8): B espodico tipo Bh (org. + Al, pouco/sem Fe).
eutric_inceptisol_usda | Eutric Inceptisol Suborder helper (Eutrudepts) Pass when BS (NH4OAc) >= 60% in some part of upper 75 cm.
eutric_oxisol_usda | Eutric Oxisol Suborder helper (Eutroperox/Eutrudox/etc.) Pass when BS (NH4OAc) >= 35% in all layers within 125 cm.
eutric_subgroup_usda | Eutric Subgroup helper (Andisols) Pass when base_saturation (sum-of-cations) >= 50% in some part.
eutrofico | Solo eutrofico (SiBCS Cap 1, p 30)
evaluate_rsg_tests | Evaluate the test block of a single RSG
extract_horizons_from_pdf | Extract horizons from a soil description PDF
extract_munsell_from_photo | Extract Munsell color from a profile photo
extract_site_from_fieldsheet | Extract site metadata from a field-sheet image

## -- F --

familia_andico | Familia: propriedades andicas (Cap 1, p 42-43)
familia_atividade_argila | Familia: subgrupamento de atividade da fracao argila (Cap 18, p 287)
familia_constituicao_esqueletica | Familia: constituicao esqueletica (Cap 1, p 48)
familia_distribuicao_cascalhos | Familia: distribuicao de cascalhos no perfil (Cap 1, p 47-48)
familia_grupamento_textural | Familia: grupamento textural (Cap 1, p 46)
familia_label | Constroi label textual de Familia a partir de 'classify_sibcs_familia'
familia_mineralogia_areia | Familia: mineralogia da fracao areia (Cap 18, p 286)
familia_mineralogia_argila_geral | Familia: mineralogia da fracao argila (geral, nao-Latossolos)
familia_mineralogia_argila_latossolo | Familia: mineralogia da fracao argila para Latossolos (Cap 18, p 286-287)
familia_organossolo_espessura | Familia: espessura > 100 cm de material organico em Organossolos (Cap 18, p 287)
familia_organossolo_lenhosidade | Familia: lenhosidade em Organossolos (Cap 18, p 288)
familia_organossolo_material_subjacente | Familia: material subjacente em Organossolos (Cap 18, p 287)
familia_oxidos_ferro | Familia: teor de oxidos de ferro (Cap 1, p 42)
familia_prefixo_profundidade | Familia: prefixo de profundidade epi-/meso-/endo- (Cap 18, p 284-285)
familia_saturacao_aluminio | Familia: saturacao por aluminio - "alico" (Cap 18, p 285)
familia_saturacao_bases | Familia: saturacao por bases (Cap 18, p 285)
familia_subgrupamento_textural | Familia: subgrupamento textural (Cap 18, p 283; em validacao)
familia_tipo_horizonte_superficial | Familia: tipo de horizonte diagnostico superficial (Cap 2)
FamilyAttribute | Classe S4-like para atributos de Familia (5o nivel SiBCS)
febr_index_munsell | Curated index of FEBR datasets that carry Munsell colors
ferralic | Ferralic horizon (WRB 2022)
ferralsol | Ferralsol RSG gate (WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 110)
ferric | Ferric horizon (WRB 2022)
ferric_subgroup_usda | Ferric Subgroup helper (Ferrudalfs) Pass when iron-rich (fe_dcb_pct >= 4%) horizon present in B.
fibrico | Material organico fibrico (SiBCS Cap 14)
fibric_predominant_usda | Fibric_predominant_usda: Fibrists Suborder qualifier
fibric_subgroup_usda | Fibric Subgroup helper (Haplohemists / Haplowassists / Sulfiwassists) Pass when fibric layers cumulative thickness >= 25 cm in control section below surface tier.
fill_from_spectra | Fill missing soil attributes from spectra via OSSL
fill_munsell_from_spectra | Fill missing Munsell colors on a PedonRecord from Vis-NIR spectra
fluvaquentic_usda | Fluvaquentic Subgroup helper (irregular OC decrease + aquic)
fluventic_usda | Fluventic Subgroup helper (irregular OC decrease, NO aquic req.)
fluvent_qualifying_usda | Fluvent Suborder qualifier (irregular OC decrease in 25-125 cm, OR layered alluvial designation).
fluvic_material | Fluvic material (WRB 2022)
folistic_epipedon_usda | Folistic epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
folistic_subgroup_usda | Folistic Subgroup helper (folistic_epipedon present)
folist_qualifying_usda | Folists Suborder qualifier (KST 13ed, Ch 10, p 200)
format_wrb_name | Format a WRB 2022 soil name with qualifiers
fragic | Fragic horizon (WRB 2022): a high-bulk-density horizon with restricted rooting. v0.3.3: detects via bulk_density_g_cm3 >= 1.65 AND structure grade massive/very firm OR designation pattern 'x'/'Bx'.
fragipa | Fragipa (SiBCS Cap 2, p 73-74; v0.7)
fragipan_usda | Fragipan (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 38)
frasic_qualifying_usda | Frasiwassists Subgroup helper (Wassists)
from_aqp | Convert an aqp SoilProfileCollection back to a list of PedonRecord
fulvic_andisol_usda | Fulvic Andisols: similar to melanic but with melanic_index > 1.70 (more humic acid). v0.8: detected via OC >= 6 in cumulative 30 cm but WITHOUT melanic_epipedon (since melanic requires index <= 1.70).

## -- G --

gelisol_usda | Gelisols (USDA Cap 9): gelic conditions / permafrost.
glacic_layer_usda | Glacic layer (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
gleissolo | Gleissolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 112-113; conceito Cap 3, p 91-93)
gleissolo_haplico | Gleissolos Haplicos (catch-all).
gleissolo_melanico | Gleissolos Melanicos (Cap 9): horizonte hístico < 40 cm OR A humico, proeminente, chernozemico.
gleissolo_salico | Gleissolos Salicos (Cap 9): caracter salico em < 100 cm.
gleissolo_tiomorfico | Gleissolos Tiomorficos (Cap 9): materiais sulfidricos OR horizonte sulfurico em < 100 cm.
gleyic_properties | Gleyic properties (WRB 2022)
gleysol | Gleysol RSG gate (WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 103)
glossic_subgroup_usda | Glossic Subgroup helper (Glossaqualfs, Glossocryalfs, Glossudalfs) Pass when interfingering of albic materials into argillic horizon is detected. v0.8 proxy: albic + argillic + lateral chroma <= 2 on argillic boundary.
grapes-or-or-grapes | Default-value-for-NULL operator
grossarenic_subgroup_usda | Grossarenic Subgroup helper: sandy throughout, spodic >= 125 cm.
GSM_DEPTHS | Default GlobalSoilMap depth intervals (cm)
gypsic | Gypsic horizon (WRB 2022)
gypsic_horizon_usda | Gypsic horizon (USDA, delegates to WRB gypsic).
gypsic_subgroup_usda | Gypsic Subgroup helper - delegates to gypsic_horizon_usda.
gypsiric_material | Gypsiric material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.7): \>= 5% gypsum that is primary (not secondary). Without a "secondary fraction" schema column, v0.3.3 treats any layer with caso4_pct >= 5 as gypsiric unless it explicitly carries gypsic-horizon designation.

## -- H --

halaquept_qualifying_usda | Halic helper for Halaquepts Pass when EC >= 8 dS/m within 100 cm.
halic_subgroup_usda | Halic Subgroup helper (Haplosaprists)
harmonize_to_gsm | Harmonise pedons to GlobalSoilMap depth intervals
hemico | Material organico hemico (SiBCS Cap 14)
hemic_subgroup_usda | Hemic Subgroup helper
histel_qualifying_usda | Histels Suborder qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed)
histic_epipedon_usda | Histic epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
histic_horizon | Histic horizon (WRB 2022)
histic_subgroup_usda | Histic Subgroup helper (in Spodosols, Aquods) Pass when histic_epipedon_usda passes.
histosol_qualifying_usda | Histosols Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 2, p 7)
histosol_usda | Histosols (USDA Cap 10): organic materials >= 40 cm in 0-100. Refined v0.8.4 - now uses histosol_qualifying_usda (40 cm threshold) instead of WRB histic_horizon (10 cm).
horizonte_A_antropico | Horizonte A antropico (SiBCS) (SiBCS Cap 2, p 53)
horizonte_A_chernozemico | Horizonte A chernozemico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 50-51)
horizonte_A_fraco | Horizonte A fraco (SiBCS Cap 2, p 53): cor clara + estrutura grao simples/macica + OC < 6 g/kg; OR espessura < 5 cm.
horizonte_A_humico | Horizonte A humico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 51-52)
horizonte_A_moderado | Horizonte A moderado (SiBCS Cap 2, p 53-54): catch-all. Returns TRUE quando o solo tem horizonte superficial mas nao se enquadra nas demais classes diagnosticas superficiais.
horizonte_A_proeminente | Horizonte A proeminente (SiBCS Cap 2, p 52-53)
horizonte_calcico | Horizonte calcico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 71-72; v0.7)
horizonte_concrecionario | Horizonte concrecionario (SiBCS Cap 2, p 68-69; v0.7)
horizonte_E_albico | Horizonte E albico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 66-67; v0.7)
horizonte_glei | Horizonte glei (SiBCS Cap 2, p 69-71; v0.7)
horizonte_histico | Horizonte histico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 49-50)
horizonte_litoplintico | Horizonte litoplintico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 69; v0.7)
horizonte_petrocalcico | Horizonte petrocalcico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 72; v0.7)
horizonte_plintico | Horizonte plintico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 67-68; v0.7)
horizonte_sulfurico | Horizonte sulfurico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 72-73; v0.7)
horizonte_vertico | Horizonte vertico (SiBCS Cap 2, p 73; v0.7)
hortic | Hortic horizon (WRB 2022): garden / kitchen-midden topsoil. Diagnostic criteria: thickness \>= 20 cm, dark colour (mollic-like), high P (Mehlich-3 P >= 100 mg/kg or P2O5_1pct_citric >= 175 mg/kg), high SOC.
humic_andisol_usda | Humic Andisols Subgroup helper Pass when mollic OR umbric epipedon present.
humic_inceptisol_usda | Humic Inceptisol Suborder helper (Hum*) Pass when umbric or mollic epipedon present + thick (>= 25 cm).
humic_oxisol_usda | Humic-Oxisol Subgroup helper Pass when cumulative organic carbon mass is >= 16 kg/m2 between surface and 100 cm (computed as SUM(OC% * bulk_density * dz)). v0.8 proxy: uses default bulk_density 1.0 g/cm3 if unavailable.
humic_spodic_usda | Humic-spodic Suborder/GG check (>= 6% OC in 10+ cm of spodic)
humic_subgroup_usda | Humic Subgroup helper (Humic Duricryods / Humic Placocryods) Pass when spodic horizon has >= 6% OC in 10+ cm.
humilluvic_subgroup_usda | Humilluvic Subgroup helper (Luvihemists)
humult_qualifying_usda | Humult Suborder qualifier (Ultisols with thick humus accumulation) Pass when 0.9% OC weighted average in 0-15 cm AND/OR organic carbon mass >= 12 kg/m2 in 0-100 cm (proxy via humic_oxisol_usda with lower threshold).
hydragric | Hydragric horizon (WRB 2022): subsoil hydric horizon under anthraquic. v0.3.3 detects via designation pattern 'Bg|Brg' immediately below an anthraquic-like topsoil.
hydraquent_qualifying_usda | Hydric Aquent helper (Hydraquents) Pass when surface 0-50 has high water content (n value high). v0.8 proxy: water_content_1500kpa >= 80% in surface.
hydric_andisol_usda | Hydric (Andisols): 1500 kPa water retention >= 70% on undried samples throughout a 35+ cm layer within 100 cm.
hydric_subgroup_usda | Hydric Subgroup helper (Histosols Cryofibrists / Sphagnofibrists / etc.)
hypersulfidic_material | Hypersulfidic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.8): \>= 0.01% inorganic sulfidic S, pH \>= 4, capable of severe acidification on aerobic incubation.
hyposulfidic_material | Hyposulfidic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.9): same S and pH as hypersulfidic but does NOT consist of hypersulfidic (i.e. not capable of severe acidification). v0.3.3: returns sulfidic layers that don't meet hypersulfidic.

## -- I --

inceptisol_qualifying_usda | Inceptisol Order qualifier Pass when a cambic horizon is present (no argillic, no spodic, no mollic, etc. - enforced by prior order exclusion).
inceptisol_usda | Inceptisols (USDA Cap 11): cambic horizon (or several alternative subsurface diagnostics: folistic/histic/mollic with thin sub, salic, sodium-affected sub).
inspect_bdsolos_csv | Diagnostic inspection of a BDsolos CSV before loading
irragric | Irragric horizon (WRB 2022): topsoil thickened by irrigation deposits. v0.3.3: thickness >= 20 cm + sediment-derived structure proxied via designation 'Apk|Apg|Au'.

## -- K --

kandic_horizon_usda | Kandic horizon (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 45)
kandic_oxisol_usda | Kandic Suborder helper for Oxisols (Kandiperox/Kandiudox/Kandiustox) Delegates to kandic_horizon_usda.
kanhapl_qualifying_usda | Kanhapl qualifying helper (Kanhapludults / Kanhaplustults / etc.) Pass when kandic horizon present BUT NOT meeting Pale criteria (i.e. younger / less developed kandic).
kastanozem | Kastanozem RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
kastanozem_strict | Kastanozem RSG gate (strengthened, WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 112)
kst13_canonical | Keys to Soil Taxonomy 13th edition canonical reference
kst13_codes | Load the canonical KST 13ed code -> taxon-name lookup table
kst13_criteria | Load the canonical KST 13ed criteria for a single taxon code

## -- L --

lamellic_subgroup_usda | Lamellic Subgroup helper (Spodosols Haplorthods)
latossolo | Latossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 113; conceito Cap 3, p 93-94)
latossolo_amarelo | Latossolos Amarelos (Cap 10): matiz \>= 7.5YR (mais amarelo).
latossolo_bruno | Latossolos Brunos (Cap 10): matiz \>= 7.5YR + valor \<= 4 + croma \<= 5 (cores brunadas) OR caracter retratil.
latossolo_ki_kr | Ki/Kr para Latossolos (SiBCS Cap 10, p 173-176)
latossolo_vermelho | Latossolos Vermelhos (Cap 10): matiz \<= 2.5YR (mais vermelho).
latossolo_vermelho_amarelo | Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos (catch-all).
leptic_features | Leptic features (WRB 2022)
limnic_material | Limnic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.10): subaquatic deposits (coprogenous earth, diatomaceous earth, marl, gyttja). v0.3.3: detects via 'rock_origin %in% c("lacustrine", "marine")' or designation pattern.
limnic_usda | Limnic Subgroup helper (Histels)
limonic | Limonic horizon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.1)
lithic_contact_usda | Lithic contact within X cm of the surface (USDA Subgroup helper)
lithic_discontinuity | Lithic discontinuity (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.7)
lixisol | Lixisol RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
load_afsp_pedons | Load Africa Soil Profiles (AfSP) v1.2 as PedonRecord objects
load_afsp_sample | Load the bundled AfSP stratified sample (v0.9.77)
load_bdsolos_csv | Load a BDsolos CSV export as a list of PedonRecord objects
load_embrapa_pedons | Load Embrapa dadosolos pedons with reference SiBCS classification
load_febr_pedons | Load the Embrapa FEBR superconjunto into a list of PedonRecords
load_kssl_nasis_sample | Load the bundled KSSL + NASIS morphological-enriched sample (v0.9.75)
load_kssl_pedons | Load NCSS / KSSL pedons with reference USDA Soil Taxonomy classification
load_kssl_pedons_gpkg | Load KSSL / NCSS pedons from the ncss_labdata GeoPackage
load_kssl_pedons_with_nasis | Load KSSL pedons enriched with NASIS morphology
load_kssl_sample | Load the bundled KSSL/NCSS lab-data sample (v0.9.74)
load_lucas_pedons | Load EU-LUCAS / ESDB pedons with reference WRB classification
load_lucas_soil_2018 | Load the LUCAS Soil 2018 Topsoil release as a list of PedonRecord objects
load_ossl_models | Save / load trained OSSL-backed PLSR models
load_redape_pedons | Load curated soil profiles from the Embrapa Redape GeoTab dataset
load_rules | Load a soilKey rule set (YAML)
load_wosis_sample | Load the bundled WoSIS South-America sample
load_wosis_stratified_sample | Load the bundled WoSIS stratified RSG-balanced sample (v0.9.73)
lookup_esdb | Look up an ESDB raster value at WGS84 coordinates
lookup_mapbiomas_solos | Look up a MapBiomas Solos raster value at WGS84 coordinates
lookup_soilgrids | Look up a SoilGrids 250m soil property at WGS84 coordinates
luvisol | Luvisol RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
luvissolo | Luvissolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 113; conceito Cap 3, p 95-96)
luvissolo_cromico | Luvissolos Cromicos (Cap 11): caracter cromico (cores fortes em B). Aplicado pela presenca de Munsell vermelho-amarelado em B com cromas altos.
luvissolo_haplico | Luvissolos Haplicos (catch-all).

## -- M --

make_acrisol_canonical | Build the canonical Acrisol fixture
make_alisol_canonical | Build the canonical Alisol fixture
make_andosol_canonical | Build the canonical Andosol fixture
make_anthrosol_canonical | Build the canonical Anthrosol fixture
make_arenosol_canonical | Build the canonical Arenosol fixture
make_argissolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Argissolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 5)
make_calcisol_canonical | Build the canonical Calcisol fixture
make_cambisol_canonical | Build the canonical Cambisol fixture
make_cambissolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Cambissolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 6)
make_chernossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Chernossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 7)
make_chernozem_canonical | Build the canonical Chernozem fixture
make_cryosol_canonical | Build the canonical Cryosol fixture
make_durisol_canonical | Build the canonical Durisol fixture
make_empty_horizons | Build an empty horizons data.table with the canonical schema
make_espodossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Espodossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 8)
make_ferralsol_canonical | Build the canonical Ferralsol fixture
make_fluvisol_canonical | Build the canonical Fluvisol fixture
make_gleissolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Gleissolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 9)
make_gleysol_canonical | Build the canonical Gleysol fixture
make_gypsisol_canonical | Build the canonical Gypsisol fixture
make_histosol_canonical | Build the canonical Histosol fixture
make_kastanozem_canonical | Build the canonical Kastanozem fixture
make_latossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Latossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 10)
make_leptosol_canonical | Build the canonical Leptosol fixture
make_lixisol_canonical | Build the canonical Lixisol fixture
make_luvisol_canonical | Build the canonical Luvisol fixture
make_luvissolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Luvissolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 11)
make_neossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Neossolo Litolico (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 12)
make_nitisol_canonical | Build the canonical Nitisol fixture
make_nitossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Nitossolo Vermelho (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 13)
make_organossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Organossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 14)
make_phaeozem_canonical | Build the canonical Phaeozem fixture
make_planosol_canonical | Build the canonical Planosol fixture
make_planossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Planossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 15)
make_plinthosol_canonical | Build the canonical Plinthosol fixture
make_plintossolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Plintossolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 16)
make_podzol_canonical | Build the canonical Podzol fixture
make_retisol_canonical | Build the canonical Retisol fixture
make_solonchak_canonical | Build the canonical Solonchak fixture
make_solonetz_canonical | Build the canonical Solonetz fixture
make_stagnosol_canonical | Build the canonical Stagnosol fixture
make_synthetic_pedon_with_spectra | Build a synthetic PedonRecord with attached spectra (testing aid)
make_technosol_canonical | Build the canonical Technosol fixture
make_umbrisol_canonical | Build the canonical Umbrisol fixture
make_vertisol_canonical | Build the canonical Vertisol fixture
make_vertissolo_canonical | Perfil canonico de Vertissolo (SiBCS 5a ed., Cap 17)
melanic_andisol_usda | Melanic Andisols: melanic_epipedon present.
melanic_epipedon_usda | Melanic epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
mineral_material | Mineral material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.11): < 20% SOC AND < 35% volume artefacts containing >= 20% organic carbon. The complement of organic_material / organotechnic_material.
mollic | Mollic horizon (WRB 2022)
mollic_epipedon_usda | Mollic epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
mollisol_qualifying_usda | Mollisol Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 12) Pass when mollic_epipedon AND BS (NH4OAc) >= 50% in upper 100 cm.
mollisol_usda | Mollisols (USDA Cap 12): mollic epipedon + base saturation >= 50%.
mudanca_textural_abrupta | Mudanca textural abrupta (SiBCS Cap 1, p 30-31)
mulmic_material | Mulmic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.12): mineral material developed from organic material; \>= 8% SOC, with low BD, structural / chroma criteria.

## -- N --

natric_horizon | Natric horizon (WRB 2022)
natric_horizon_usda | Natric horizon helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3)
natric_subgroup_usda | Natric Subgroup helper for Natraquerts.
neossolo | Neossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 111-112; conceito Cap 3, p 96-97)
neossolo_fluvico | Neossolos Fluvicos (Cap 12): caracter fluvico em < 150 cm.
neossolo_litolico | Neossolos Litolicos (Cap 12): contato litico ou litico fragmentario \<= 50 cm.
neossolo_quartzarenico | Neossolos Quartzarenicos (Cap 12): textura areia/areia franca em todos os horizontes ate 150 cm + 95% quartzo.
neossolo_regolitico | Neossolos Regoliticos (catch-all dos Neossolos).
nitic_horizon | Nitic horizon (WRB 2022)
nitossolo | Nitossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 114; conceito Cap 3, p 97-98)
nitossolo_bruno | Nitossolos Brunos (Cap 13): matiz \>= 7.5YR + valor <= 4 + croma <= 5.
nitossolo_haplico | Nitossolos Haplicos (catch-all).
nitossolo_vermelho | Nitossolos Vermelhos (Cap 13): matiz \<= 2.5YR.
nitric_subgroup_usda | Nitric Subgroup helper (Anhyturbels / Anhyorthels)
normalise_febr_sibcs | Canonicalise FEBR SiBCS names to match soilKey rule outputs.
normalise_febr_usda | Normalise FEBR USDA taxon strings to USDA Soil Taxonomy Order
normalise_febr_wrb | Normalise FEBR WRB taxon strings to RSG-only
normalise_kssl_subgroup | Normalise KSSL USDA subgroup labels for benchmark comparison

## -- O --

ochric_epipedon_usda | Ochric epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
ollama_is_running | Is the local Ollama HTTP API reachable?
organic_material | Organic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.13): \>= 20% SOC + recognisability criteria. v0.3.3: SOC threshold only.
organossolo | Organossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, chave do 1o nivel; conceito Cap 3, p 99-101)
organossolo_folico | Organossolos Folicos (Cap 14): horizonte O histico (drenado). Detectado via designation pattern \"^O\".
organossolo_haplico | Organossolos Haplicos (catch-all).
organossolo_tiomorfico | Organossolos Tiomorficos (Cap 14): materiais sulfidricos OR horizonte sulfurico em < 100 cm.
organotechnic_material | Organotechnic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.14): \>= 35% volume of artefacts that themselves contain \>= 20% organic C. Soil itself has < 20% SOC.
ornithogenic_material | Ornithogenic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.15): bird-influenced topsoil. Mehlich-3 P >= 750 mg/kg + designation pattern 'Aornit|Bornit'.
ossl_demo_sa | Synthetic OSSL South America demo subset
ossl_library_template | Canonical schema for an 'ossl_library' object
oxic_horizon_usda | Oxic horizon (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 3) Delegates to WRB 'ferralic'.
oxic_usda | Oxic horizon (USDA Soil Taxonomy)
oxisol_usda | Oxisol (USDA Cap 13): oxic horizon, excluding profiles with an argillic horizon overlying the oxic.
oxyaquic_subgroup_usda | Oxyaquic Subgroup helper (Spodosols, Mollisols, etc.)

## -- P --

pachic_subgroup_usda | Pachic Subgroup helper (Andisols, Mollisols) Pass when mollic OR umbric epipedon is >= 50 cm thick.
paleargid_qualifying_usda | Paleargid qualifying helper Pass when argillic horizon has continuous clay films AND clay >> 35% in upper 10 cm (proxy for old, well-developed argillic). v0.8 proxy: argillic + clay_pct >= 35 in upper 30 cm.
pale_qualifying_usda | Pale qualifying helper (Paleudults / Paleustults / Palexerults / Palehumults / Paleaquults)
panpaic | Panpaic horizon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.1)
PedonRecord | PedonRecord: structured representation of a single pedon
pedon_json_schema | JSON Schema for a soilKey PedonRecord
pedon_to_spc | Convert a soilKey PedonRecord to an aqp SoilProfileCollection
permafrost_within_usda | Permafrost (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
petrocalcic | Petrocalcic horizon (WRB 2022)
petrocalcic_subgroup_usda | Petrocalcic Subgroup helper (Aridisols Petrocalcids) Cemented calcic horizon with cementation_class >= "strongly".
petroduric | Petroduric horizon (WRB 2022): cemented duric.
petroferric_contact_usda | Petroferric contact helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 48)
petrogypsic | Petrogypsic horizon (WRB 2022): cemented gypsic.
petrogypsic_horizon_usda | Petrogypsic horizon helper (USDA)
petrogypsic_subgroup_usda | Petrogypsic Subgroup helper - delegate to petrogypsic_horizon_usda
petronodic_subgroup_usda | Petronodic Subgroup helper (Aridisols) Pass when 5%+ rock fragments cemented by carbonates within 100 cm. v0.8 proxy: caco3_pct >= 15 AND coarse_fragments_pct >= 5.
petroplinthic | Petroplinthic horizon (WRB 2022): cemented plinthic.
phaeozem | Phaeozem RSG diagnostic (WRB 2022)
pick_engine | Choose the best diagnostic engine for a single pedon
pick_engine_batch | Per-pedon batch engine recommendation
pisoplinthic | Pisoplinthic horizon (WRB 2022): pisolitic plinthic. v0.3.3 detects via designation pattern 'Bspl' / 'Bvpi' or via plinthite \>= 15% AND structure_type containing 'pisol'.
pi_to_confidence | Map a 95% prediction interval to a [0, 1] confidence score
placic_horizon_usda | Placic horizon (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, pp 47-48)
plaggic | Plaggic horizon (WRB 2022): sod-derived topsoil >= 20 cm with low BD AND independent evidence of human input.
planic_features | Planic features (WRB 2022)
planosol | Planosol RSG gate (WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 107)
planossolo | Planossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 112; conceito Cap 3, p 101-102)
planossolo_haplico | Planossolos Haplicos (catch-all).
planossolo_natrico | Planossolos Natricos (Cap 15): caracter sodico em \< 100 cm.
plinthaquox_qualifying_usda | Plinthaquox qualifying helper (Aquox: continuous plinthite phase) Pass when plinthite >= 50% in some 10+ cm layer (continuous phase proxy).
plinthic | Plinthic horizon (WRB 2022)
plinthic_subgroup_usda | Plinthic Subgroup helper (Oxisols) Pass when plinthite >= 5% in any horizon within 125 cm.
plinth_subgroup_usda | Plinth qualifying helper (Plinth*ults) Pass when plinthite >= 5% in 50%+ of layers within 150 cm.
plintossolo | Plintossolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 113; conceito Cap 3, p 102-104)
plintossolo_argiluvico | Plintossolos Argiluvicos (Cap 16): horizonte plintico + B textural OR carater argiluvico.
plintossolo_haplico | Plintossolos Haplicos (catch-all).
plintossolo_petrico | Plintossolos Petricos (Cap 16): horizonte concrecionario OR litoplintico (sem horizonte plintico precedendo).
posterior_classify | Bayesian posterior classifier (optional)
predict.soilKey_pls_model | Predict from a soilKey_pls_model
predict_from_spectra | Predict soil properties from spectra
predict_lab_from_spectra | Predict CIE Lab from Vis-NIR reflectance spectra
predict_munsell_from_spectra | Predict Munsell hue / value / chroma from Vis-NIR reflectance spectra
predict_ossl_mbl | Memory-based learning prediction against the OSSL library
predict_ossl_plsr_local | Local PLSR prediction against the OSSL library
predict_ossl_pretrained | Pre-trained OSSL prediction
predict_xyz_from_spectra | Predict CIE XYZ tristimulus values from Vis-NIR reflectance spectra
preprocess_spectra | Pre-process Vis-NIR or MIR spectra
pretic | Pretic horizon (WRB 2022): "Amazonian Dark Earth" (terra preta de indio) horizon - thick anthropogenic surface with high P, SOC, and incorporated charcoal / pottery.
print.soilKey_pls_model | Print method for soilKey_pls_model
prior_consistency_check | Check consistency between a deterministic RSG assignment and a spatial prior
protocalcic_properties | Protocalcic properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.8)
protogypsic_properties | Protogypsic properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.9): visible secondary gypsum \>= 1% but below the gypsic gate.
protovertic | Protovertic horizon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.1)
psammentic_subgroup_usda | Psammentic Subgroup helper (Aquorthels)
psamment_qualifying_usda | Psamment Suborder qualifier (sandy texture: clay + 2*silt < 30 AND no clay films / argillic).

## -- Q --

qual_abruptic | Abruptic qualifier (ap): abrupt textural difference within 100 cm.
qual_aceric | Aceric qualifier (ae): pH (1:1 H2O) <= 5 in some layer within the upper 50 cm. Used for sub-aerially exposed acid-sulfate soils (Solonchaks, Gleysols on former tidal flats). v0.9.1: numeric pH gate only; v0.9.2 adds the cross-check against 'thionic' / sulfidic material to disambiguate from naturally acidic Histosols.
qual_acric | Acric qualifier (ac): argic horizon + low CEC + high Al. v0.9: argic + CEC < 24 cmolc/kg clay + exch Al > Ca+Mg+K+Na.
qual_acroxic | Acroxic qualifier (ax): andic + extremely low effective exchange complex (Ca + Mg + K + Na exch + 1 N KCl Al-exch <= 2 cmol+/kg fine earth) in some layer of the andic part within 100 cm.
qual_activic | Activic supplementary qualifier (av): active aluminium >= 5 cmol/kg WRB 2022 Ch 5: "KCl-extractable Al ('al_kcl_cmol') >= 5 cmol(c)/kg in any layer in upper 100 cm." Proxy via existing 'al_cmol' (exchangeable Al) when al_kcl_cmol absent.
qual_albic | Albic qualifier (ab): albic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_alcalic | Alcalic supplementary qualifier (ac): pH (H2O) >= 9.0 WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Strongly alkaline reaction (pH H2O >= 9 in any layer within 100 cm of the soil surface)."
qual_alic | Alic qualifier (al): argic + high CEC + high Al saturation.
qual_aluandic | Aluandic qualifier (aa): andic properties + Al-dominant active component (Al / (Al + 0.5 Si) >= 0.5 in mass).
qual_andic | Andic qualifier (an): andic OR vitric properties combined >= 30 cm. v0.9 simplification: passes if andic_properties or vitric_properties passes within 100 cm.
qual_anofluvic | Anofluvic qualifier (af): fluvic material only at depth >= 50 cm
qual_anthraquic | Anthraquic qualifier (aq): anthraquic horizon (puddled-rice surface).
qual_anthric | Anthric qualifier (ak): anthric properties.
qual_anthromollic | Anthromollic qualifier (am): anthric horizon overlying spodic
qual_archaic | Archaic supplementary qualifier (ah): archeological context
qual_arenic | Arenic qualifier (ar): texture sand or loamy sand >= 30 cm in <= 100 cm.
qual_arenicolic | Arenicolic supplementary qualifier (an): faunal sand burrows
qual_aric | Aric qualifier (ar): mineral surface horizon homogenised by ploughing - designation pattern 'Ap', 'Apk', 'Apc', etc., starting within the upper 30 cm.
qual_bathyspodic | Bathyspodic supplementary qualifier (bs): spodic at 100-200 cm depth
qual_biocrustic | Biocrustic supplementary qualifier (bk): biological soil crust
qual_brunic | Brunic qualifier (br): _incipient-only_ subsurface alteration - cambic horizon within the upper 100 cm AND no argic, spodic, ferralic, or nitic horizon present. Used by WRB 2022 Ch 4 for Arenosols that have begun to develop a weak Bw without crossing into Cambisol / Acrisol / Lixisol / Ferralsol territory; in those RSGs the cambic alone is the gating diagnostic and Brunic would be redundant.
qual_bryic | Bryic supplementary qualifier (by): bryophyte cover at surface
qual_calcaric | Calcaric qualifier (cl): calcaric material >= 25 cm in upper 100 cm.
qual_calcic | Calcic qualifier (cc): calcic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_cambic | Cambic qualifier (cm): cambic horizon <= 50 cm.
qual_capillaric | Capillaric supplementary qualifier (cp): capillary rise zone WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Capillary rise from a shallow water table to within 50 cm of the soil surface; flagged via redox concentrations (>=2%) + fine texture (clay+silt > 50%)."
qual_carbic | Carbic qualifier (cb): spodic horizon dominated by humus illuviation. v0.9.1: spodic + OC >= 6% in some spodic layer (the WRB threshold for Carbic / "humus-Podzol" expression).
qual_carbonatic | Carbonatic supplementary qualifier (cn): >= 50% carbonates
qual_carbonic | Carbonic supplementary qualifier (cb): high SOC content (>= 6%)
qual_chernic | Chernic qualifier (ch): chernic horizon (intensely worm-mixed mollic-like) within 100 cm.
qual_chloridic | Chloridic supplementary qualifier (cl): high chloride WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing >= 4 cmol(c)/kg chloride OR EC >= 8 dS/m within 100 cm." Proxy via electrical conductivity field ('ec_ds_m') when chloride is unavailable.
qual_chromic | Chromic qualifier (cr): hue redder than 7.5YR + chroma > 4 (in upper subsoil 25-150 cm).
qual_clayic | Clayic qualifier (ce): clay >= 60% texture for a layer >= 30 cm in the upper 100 cm.
qual_coarsic | Coarsic qualifier (cr): >= 70% coarse fragments by volume in upper 100 cm
qual_cohesic | Cohesic supplementary qualifier (co): cohesive horizon (extra-firm dry) WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing layers with extreme dry consistence AND moist consistence very firm." Implementation: matches via 'consistence_dry' ("extremely hard") OR 'consistence_moist' ("very firm"), within 100 cm.
qual_columnic | Columnic supplementary qualifier (cm): columnar / prismatic structure WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Columnar or strong prismatic structure (associated with natric horizons)."
qual_cordic | Cordic supplementary qualifier (cd): cordic horizon
qual_cryic | Cryic qualifier (cy): cryic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_cumulic | Cumulic qualifier (cu): a layer of recent depositional material added on top of an existing soil. v0.9.3.B proxy: 'layer_origin' is fluvic / aeolic / solimovic at the top of the profile, OR the uppermost mineral horizon's designation matches '^[AC]u?\d?' (cumulic-style suffix).
qual_cutanic | Cutanic qualifier (ct): visible illuvial clay coatings on argic- horizon ped surfaces (the "Cutanic Luvisol" / "Cutanic Argissol" signature). v0.9.1: argic horizon passes AND the schema column 'clay_films_amount' contains "common", "many", or "continuous" (or "shiny" - common Brazilian descriptor for nitic surfaces) in some argic layer.
qual_densic | Densic qualifier (dn): bulk density >= 1.8 g/cm3 in some root- restricting layer within 100 cm.
qual_differentic | Differentic supplementary qualifier (df): contrasting layers WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Strong differences (texture, mineralogy, color) between adjacent layers without abrupt textural transition (mild clay-increase 1.2-1.4x ratio)."
qual_dolomitic | Dolomitic qualifier (do): dolomitic material in upper 100 cm.
qual_dorsic | Dorsic supplementary qualifier (do): dorsal-ridge microrelief
qual_drainic | Drainic qualifier (dr): artificially drained organic soil. v0.9.1: site$drainage_class or site$land_use carries an explicit _artificial_ drainage marker AND organic_material passes. Natural drainage classes (e.g. "very poorly drained", "well drained") do NOT trigger Drainic on their own.
qual_duric | Duric qualifier (du): duric horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_dystric | Dystric qualifier (dy): low base saturation throughout. v0.9: BS < 50% from 20 to 100 cm in mineral material.
qual_ekranic | Ekranic qualifier (ek): impervious cover (asphalt, concrete) starting within 5 cm of the surface. v0.9.1: technic_hard_material with top depth <= 5 cm.
qual_endic | Endic supplementary qualifier (ec): generic "in deep horizon" marker
qual_endoabruptic | Endoabruptic supplementary qualifier (eea): abrupt textural change deep
qual_endocalcaric | Endocalcaric qualifier (cae): calcaric only at depth >= 50 cm
qual_endocalcic | Endocalcic qualifier (cam): calcic horizon between 50 and 100 cm.
qual_endodolomitic | Endodolomitic qualifier (dme): dolomitic only at depth >= 50 cm
qual_endoduric | Endoduric supplementary qualifier: duric horizon at depth >= 50 cm
qual_endodystric | Endodystric supplementary qualifier (eds): dystric only at depth
qual_endoeutric | Endoeutric supplementary qualifier (eee): eutric only at depth
qual_endogleyic | Endogleyic qualifier (eng): gleyic conditions between 50 and 100 cm.
qual_endogypsic | Endogypsic supplementary qualifier: gypsic horizon at depth >= 50 cm
qual_endoleptic | Endoleptic supplementary qualifier (lle): rock contact 50-100 cm
qual_endostagnic | Endostagnic qualifier (ens): stagnic conditions between 50 and 100 cm.
qual_endothionic | Endothionic supplementary qualifier (etn): thionic at depth >= 50 cm
qual_endothyric | Endothyric supplementary qualifier (etc): thyric only at depth >= 50
qual_entic | Entic qualifier (et): albic horizon AND NOT spodic
qual_epic | Epic supplementary qualifier (ep): generic "in shallow horizon"
qual_epidystric | Epidystric supplementary qualifier (epd): dystric only in upper 50 cm
qual_epieutric | Epieutric supplementary qualifier (eee): eutric only in upper 50 cm
qual_escalic | Escalic supplementary qualifier (es): terraced / stepped morphology
qual_eutric | Eutric qualifier (eu): high base saturation. v0.9: BS >= 50% throughout 20-100 cm.
qual_eutrosilic | Eutrosilic qualifier (es): silandic + base saturation >= 50% in some layer of the silandic part within 100 cm.
qual_evapocrustic | Evapocrustic supplementary qualifier (ev): evaporite surface crust
qual_ferralic | Ferralic qualifier (fl): ferralic horizon <= 150 cm.
qual_ferric | Ferric qualifier (fr): ferric horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_ferritic | Ferritic qualifier (fr): high free-Fe in fine earth
qual_fibric | Fibric qualifier (fi): organic material whose dominant decomposition class in the upper 100 cm is fibric (>= 2/3 fiber). v0.9.1: thickness-weighted dominance via Oi designation.
qual_floatic | Floatic qualifier (fc): Histosol that floats on water.
qual_fluvic | Fluvic qualifier (fv): fluvic material >= 25 cm thick starting <= 75 cm.
qual_folic | Folic qualifier (fo): folic horizon at the soil surface. v0.9 delegates to histic_horizon with surface-only filter.
qual_fractic | Fractic qualifier (fc): fractures (cracks) within 100 cm
qual_garbic | Garbic qualifier (ga): >= 20% organic-waste artefacts (landfill refuse) in the upper 100 cm. v0.9.1 proxy: designation pattern ('Cgarb|garb|landfill|refuse'). Hard schema column 'artefacts_garbic_pct' scheduled for v0.9.2.
qual_gelic | Gelic supplementary qualifier (gl): permafrost or strong frost activity WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Permafrost within 200 cm of the soil surface OR gelic materials." Modifier of cryic_conditions for non-Cryosols.
qual_gelistagnic | Gelistagnic supplementary qualifier (gst): stagnic in cold conditions WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Stagnic features (perched water) in cryic regime." Compose: stagnic_pattern + cryic_conditions.
qual_geoabruptic | Geoabruptic supplementary qualifier (ga): abrupt change at lithological boundary WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Abrupt textural / mineralogical change at a lithological discontinuity (e.g., 2C horizon below B)." Implementation: designation pattern containing "2C" or "3C" (numeric prefix indicates lithologic discontinuity).
qual_geric | Geric qualifier (gr): in some layer at <= 100 cm, the effective exchange complex (sum of bases + 1 N KCl Al-exchangeable) does not exceed 1.5 cmol+/kg fine earth, OR the soil shows net positive charge (delta pH = pH_KCl - pH_H2O > 0). The "or" path makes Geric / Posic overlap by design (per WRB Ch 5).
qual_gibbsic | Gibbsic qualifier (gi): high gibbsite (>= 25%) in fine earth
qual_gilgaic | Gilgaic supplementary qualifier (gi): gilgai microrelief WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Gilgai microrelief (associated with vertic shrinking/swelling soils)." Site-level field detection.
qual_glacic | Glacic qualifier (gc): >= 75% ice by volume within 100 cm. v0.9.1 proxy: cryic conditions + designation pattern ('ice|gel|glac'). Schema column 'ice_pct' scheduled for v0.9.2.
qual_gleyic | Gleyic qualifier (gl): gleyic properties throughout a layer >= 25 cm starting <= 75 cm + reducing conditions.
qual_glossic | Glossic qualifier (gs): mollic horizon penetrated by albeluvic tongues (glossae). Diagnostic of Glossic Chernozems / Phaeozems on the steppe / forest-steppe transition.
qual_greyzemic | Greyzemic qualifier (gz): mollic / umbric overlain by albic-like layer
qual_grumic | Grumic qualifier (gr): strong fine granular surface horizon (self-mulching Vertisol).
qual_gypsic | Gypsic qualifier (gy): gypsic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_gypsiric | Gypsiric qualifier (gc): gypsiric material >= 25 cm in upper 100 cm.
qual_haplic | Haplic qualifier (ha): no other principal qualifier of the RSG applies. Always passes; the qualifier resolution machinery uses it as the default when no other qualifier matched.
qual_hemic | Hemic qualifier (hc): organic material whose dominant decomposition class in the upper 100 cm is hemic (1/6 - 2/3 fiber). v0.9.1: thickness-weighted dominance via Oe designation.
qual_histic | Histic qualifier (hi): histic horizon at or near the surface.
qual_hortic | Hortic qualifier (ht): hortic horizon (long-cultivated dark surface).
qual_humic | Humic qualifier (hu): >= 1% SOC in upper 50 cm (weighted average).
qual_hydragric | Hydragric qualifier (hg): hydragric horizon (puddled-rice subsurface).
qual_hydric | Hydric qualifier (hy): water content at 1500 kPa >= 100% (undried fine earth, WRB 2022). v0.9.1 accepts the air-dried equivalent (>= 70%) when the lab protocol pre-dries; the result is flagged as "potentially over-permissive" via the 'notes' field when the value falls in the 70-100% band.
qual_hydrophobic | Hydrophobic supplementary qualifier (hf): water-repellent surface
qual_hyperalbic | Hyperalbic qualifier (ha): albic horizon thicker than 100 cm in a _contiguous_ run (extremely deep eluvial bleaching, common in giant Podzols of tropical white-sand systems and the deepest Stagnosol / Planosol profiles). Non-contiguous albic layers separated by an illuvial Bs / Bt do NOT count toward the threshold.
qual_hyperalic | Hyperalic qualifier (yl): argic horizon with Al saturation >= 50% in some layer of the argic part within 100 cm. Stronger version of Alic.
qual_hyperartefactic | Hyperartefactic qualifier (yr): >= 80% artefacts (any type) in the upper 100 cm.
qual_hypercalcic | Hypercalcic qualifier (yc): calcic horizon AND CaCO3 >= 50% in some calcic layer.
qual_hyperdystric | Hyperdystric qualifier (yd): base saturation < 5% throughout the upper 100 cm (mineral soil layers only). Stronger than Dystric (BS < 50%).
qual_hypereutric | Hypereutric qualifier (ye): base saturation >= 80% throughout the upper 100 cm. Stronger than Eutric (BS >= 50%).
qual_hypergypsic | Hypergypsic qualifier (yg): gypsic horizon AND gypsum >= 60% in some gypsic layer.
qual_hypernatric | Hypernatric supplementary qualifier (hyna): very high Na (>= 70% ESP)
qual_hyperorganic | Hyperorganic supplementary qualifier (hyo): SOC >= 18% (peat-like) WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing organic carbon >= 18% by mass in any layer >= 10 cm thick." A stronger version of 'Carbonic'.
qual_hypersalic | Hypersalic qualifier (yz): EC (1:5 H2O extract) >= 30 dS/m in some layer within the upper 100 cm. Stronger than the Salic horizon (default >= 15 dS/m).
qual_hyperskeletic | Hyperskeletic qualifier (hk): coarse fragments >= 90% throughout the upper 100 cm.
qual_hypersodic | Hypersodic qualifier (yo): ESP >= 50% in some layer within 100 cm. Stronger than Sodic (default ESP >= 6%).
qual_hyperspodic | Hyperspodic qualifier (hp): spodic horizon with very strong active Al + Fe accumulation (Al_ox + 0.5 * Fe_ox >= 1.5%) - twice the minimum spodic threshold per WRB Ch 3.1. v0.9.1 also requires p-retention >= 85% in the same layers when available.
qual_hypocalcic | Hypocalcic qualifier (jc): CaCO3 >= 5% AND < 15% in some layer within 100 cm (between protocalcic 0.5% and the calcic-horizon 15% threshold). Marks the broad "carbonate-bearing" middle band that doesn't meet the Calcic horizon.
qual_hypogypsic | Hypogypsic qualifier (jg): gypsum >= 1% AND < 5% in some layer within 100 cm (below the gypsic-horizon threshold but above the protogypsic-properties bare-detection bar).
qual_hyposalic | Hyposalic qualifier (jz): EC (1:5 H2O extract) >= 4 dS/m AND < 15 dS/m in some layer within the upper 100 cm. Used for soils too weak to qualify as Solonchak but still carrying a salinity tag.
qual_hyposodic | Hyposodic qualifier (jo): ESP >= 6% AND < 15% in some layer within 100 cm. Marginal sodicity tag.
qual_immissic | Immissic supplementary qualifier (im): atmospheric immission
qual_inclinic | Inclinic supplementary qualifier (in): tilted / inclined position WRB 2022 Ch 5: site has a slope >= 10% (relevo declivoso). Implementation: site$slope_pct (when populated) >= 10 OR parent_material / forma_relevo flagging steep terrain.
qual_irragric | Irragric qualifier (ir): irragric horizon (irrigation-deposited surface).
qual_isolatic | Isolatic qualifier (il): isolated technic material
qual_isopteric | Isopteric supplementary qualifier (ip): termite / ant biogenesis
qual_kalaic | Kalaic supplementary qualifier (ka): dry-season puffed surface layer
qual_lamellic | Lamellic qualifier (ll): thin (< 5 cm) clay-enriched lamellae, typical of sandy Luvisols / Alisols / Acrisols. v0.9.3.B proxy: designation pattern 'lamell' / 'E&Bt' / '&Bt' / 'Bt(t)?\d?lam' in any subsurface layer.
qual_lapiadic | Lapiadic supplementary qualifier (lp): karren / lapies bedrock features
qual_laxic | Laxic supplementary qualifier (lx): loose / non-cohesive surface WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Surface horizon with loose dry consistence and single-grain or massive structure."
qual_leptic | Leptic qualifier (le): continuous rock <= 100 cm.
qual_lignic | Lignic supplementary qualifier (lg): wood content in organic horizon WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing recognisable wood remains (>= 25% by volume or weight) in organic material." Implementation: 'woody_fragments_pct' or layer_origin matching wood.
qual_limnic | Limnic qualifier (lm): limnic material (lacustrine / marine subaquatic deposits) anywhere in the profile.
qual_linic | Linic qualifier (li): continuous artificial geomembrane within 100 cm. v0.9.1 proxy: designation pattern ('linic|geomemb|liner').
qual_lithic | Lithic qualifier (lt): continuous rock starting within 10 cm. Tighter depth gate than Leptic (which is <= 100 cm) and Nudilithic (== 0 cm).
qual_litholinic | Litholinic supplementary qualifier (ll): stratified soil on rock
qual_lixic | Lixic qualifier (lx): argic + low CEC, low Al.
qual_loamic | Loamic qualifier (lo): loam-class texture >= 30 cm in the upper 100 cm.
qual_luvic | Luvic qualifier (lv): argic + high CEC, low Al saturation.
qual_magnesic | Magnesic qualifier (mg): exchangeable Ca/Mg < 1 in upper 100 cm.
qual_mahic | Mahic supplementary qualifier (mh): manure-derived dark surface WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Topsoil enriched by long-term manure / compost application; oc_pct >= 4%, base_saturation_pct >= 50%, and p_mehlich >= 100 mg/kg."
qual_mawic | Mawic qualifier (mw): moss-fibre-dominant peat
qual_mazic | Mazic qualifier (mz): structureless / massive surface horizon (Vertisol). Diagnostic of slaked, crusted Vertisol surfaces.
qual_melanic | Melanic qualifier (me): andic + dark high-OC surface horizon. v0.9.1: thickness >= 30 cm within upper 50 cm, OC weighted >= 6%, Munsell value <= 2 and chroma <= 2 (moist). Melanic Index >= 1.7 (the canonical UV-OD ratio) is deferred to v0.9.2.
qual_mineralic | Mineralic supplementary qualifier (mn): predominantly mineral WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Predominantly mineral material in upper 100 cm (oc_pct < 12% averaged over depth)."
qual_mochipic | Mochipic supplementary qualifier (mp): mottled mochi-like pattern
qual_mollic | Mollic qualifier (mo): mollic horizon.
qual_mulmic | Mulmic qualifier (ml): mulmic material in upper 100 cm.
qual_murshic | Murshic qualifier (mr): partly drained organic with strong decomposition
qual_muusic | Muusic qualifier (mu): high-fibre peat (non-moss-specific)
qual_naramic | Naramic supplementary qualifier (na): salt-crust morphology
qual_natric | Natric qualifier (na): natric horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_nechic | Nechic supplementary qualifier (ne): aeolian / loess deposit pattern
qual_neobrunic | Neobrunic qualifier (nb): "young" cambic-like horizon
qual_neocambic | Neocambic qualifier (nc): "young" cambic horizon with weak development
qual_nitic | Nitic qualifier (ni): nitic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_nudiargic | Nudiargic qualifier (nu): argic horizon at the surface
qual_nudilithic | Nudilithic qualifier (nt): continuous rock at the soil surface (top_cm == 0).
qual_nudinatric | Nudinatric qualifier (nn): natric horizon at the surface
qual_ochric | Ochric qualifier (oh): SOC >= 0.2% upper 10 cm + no mollic/umbric.
qual_ombric | Ombric qualifier (om): rain-fed Histosol.
qual_organotechnic | Organotechnic qualifier (ot): organotechnic material in upper 100 cm.
qual_ornithic | Ornithic qualifier (oc): ornithogenic material (bird-influenced topsoil) in the upper 50 cm.
qual_orthofluvic | Orthofluvic qualifier (of): fluvic material 50-100 cm
qual_ortsteinic | Ortsteinic qualifier (os): cemented spodic horizon. v0.9.1: spodic horizon + cementation_class strongly OR indurated.
qual_oxyaquic | Oxyaquic qualifier (oa): saturation regime without reduction
qual_oxygleyic | Oxygleyic qualifier (og): gleyic regime with predominant oxidation
qual_pachic | Pachic qualifier (pc): mollic OR umbric horizon >= 50 cm thick.
qual_pantofluvic | Pantofluvic qualifier (pf): fluvic material throughout 0-100 cm
qual_pellic | Pellic qualifier (pe): in the upper 30 cm, Munsell value <= 4 moist AND chroma <= 2 moist. Diagnostic of "black" (dark) Vertisols.
qual_pelocrustic | Pelocrustic supplementary qualifier (pc): clayey surface crust
qual_petric | Petric qualifier (pt): any petro-cemented horizon (petrocalcic / petroduric / petrogypsic / petroplinthic) within 100 cm.
qual_petrocalcic | Petrocalcic qualifier (pc): petrocalcic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_petroduric | Petroduric qualifier (pd): petroduric horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_petrogypsic | Petrogypsic qualifier (pg): petrogypsic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_petroplinthic | Petroplinthic qualifier (pp): petroplinthic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_petrosalic | Petrosalic qualifier (ptso): cemented salic horizon
qual_pisoplinthic | Pisoplinthic qualifier (px): pisoplinthic horizon within 100 cm.
qual_placic | Placic qualifier (pi): thin (<= 25 mm = 2.5 cm) cemented Fe pan, typically inside or just above a spodic horizon. v0.9.1: a layer with cementation_class strongly or indurated AND thickness <= 2.5 cm, anywhere in the upper 100 cm.
qual_plaggic | Plaggic qualifier (pa): plaggic horizon (sod-amended surface).
qual_plinthic | Plinthic qualifier (pl): plinthic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_posic | Posic qualifier (po): net positive permanent charge (pH_KCl > pH_H2O) in some layer at <= 100 cm. Diagnostic of the most weathered Ferralsols where free Fe / Al oxides dominate the surface charge.
qual_pretic | Pretic qualifier (pt): pretic (pre-Columbian Amerindian dark earth) horizon.
qual_profondic | Profondic qualifier (pf): argic horizon that continues, with no clay decrease, down to or below 150 cm. v0.9.3.B: requires 'argic' to pass AND at least one argic layer with 'bottom_cm >= 150'.
qual_profundihumic | Profundihumic qualifier (ph): SOC >= 1.4% to depth >= 100 cm
qual_protic | Protic qualifier (pr): Arenosol (or Regosol) with NO incipient subsurface horizon - i.e. an A-over-C profile where no cambic, no argic, no spodic, no ferralic, no nitic horizon is present in the upper 100 cm. v0.9.1 implements as the conjunction of the "no B horizon" diagnostics.
qual_protoandic | Protoandic supplementary qualifier (pan): early-stage andic WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Andic-like properties below the strict threshold (oxalate Al+Fe 0.4-2.0%)."
qual_protoargic | Protoargic supplementary qualifier (pra): early-stage argic WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Clay increase 2-6 percentage points (below the canonical argic threshold)."
qual_protocalcic | Protocalcic qualifier (qc): protocalcic properties (incipient carbonate accumulation) within the upper 100 cm. Wraps 'protocalcic_properties'.
qual_protogypsic | Protogypsic qualifier (qg): protogypsic properties (incipient gypsum accumulation) within the upper 100 cm. Wraps 'protogypsic_properties'.
qual_protospodic | Protospodic supplementary qualifier (psp): early-stage spodic WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Spodic-like horizon meeting weakened criteria (Al+Fe oxalate < 0.5% but pyrophosphate > 0.05%)." Lacking pyrophosphate field; we proxy via spodic candidate horizons that fail strict spodic.
qual_protovertic | Protovertic qualifier (qv): protovertic horizon (vertic-spectrum lower bound, no slickensides yet but the clay + structure / shrink-swell signal is already present) within the upper 100 cm. Wraps 'protovertic' and is mutually exclusive with the strict Vertic qualifier.
qual_puffic | Puffic supplementary qualifier (pf): puffed surface
qual_pyric | Pyric supplementary qualifier (py): fire-affected horizon WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing layers with charcoal / soot / fire-baked material (visual or chemical evidence)." Implementation: 'layer_origin' or designation matching fire-related text.
qual_raptic | Raptic supplementary qualifier (rp): stratification break
qual_reductaquic | Reductaquic qualifier (ra): aquic + reductive at depth
qual_reductic | Reductic qualifier (rd): permanently reducing conditions caused by anthropogenic gas / liquid emissions (typical of Technosols on landfills). v0.9.1: reducing_conditions + Technic context.
qual_reductigleyic | Reductigleyic qualifier (rg): gleyic + reductive
qual_relocatic | Relocatic qualifier (rl): relocated material (Arenosols / Regosols)
qual_rendzic | Rendzic qualifier (rz): mollic horizon directly over calcaric material (or limestone), shallow. Defined as Mollic + (Calcaric OR continuous rock with carbonate parent material).
qual_retic | Retic qualifier (rt): retic properties <= 100 cm.
qual_rheic | Rheic qualifier (rh): water-fed Histosol.
qual_rhodic | Rhodic qualifier (ro): hue redder than 5YR + value < 4 + dry no more than 1 unit higher than moist (in upper subsoil 25-150 cm).
qual_rockic | Rockic qualifier (rk): rock-dominated organic horizon
qual_rubic | Rubic qualifier (rb): red Munsell hue <= 5YR AND chroma >= 4 in some layer within the upper 100 cm. Less strict than Rhodic (which requires <= 2.5YR + value < 4); useful as a supplementary tag for tropical soils with reddish colours that don't reach the Rhodic threshold.
qual_rustic | Rustic qualifier (rs): iron-dominated spodic illuviation. v0.9.1: spodic + OC < 1% AND active iron (Fe_ox) >= 0.5% in the same spodic layer (humus-poor, Fe-rich ortstein / Bs).
qual_salic | Salic qualifier (sz): salic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_sapric | Sapric qualifier (sa): organic material whose dominant decomposition class in the upper 100 cm is sapric (rubbed fiber < 1/6). v0.9.1: thickness-weighted dominance via Oa designation.
qual_saprolithic | Saprolithic supplementary qualifier (sp): saprolite parent material
qual_silandic | Silandic qualifier (sn): andic properties + Si-dominant active component (Al / (Al + 0.5 Si) < 0.5 in mass; allophane-rich).
qual_siltic | Siltic qualifier (sl): silt or silt-loam texture >= 30 cm in the upper 100 cm.
qual_skeletic | Skeletic qualifier (sk): coarse fragments >= 40% averaged over 100 cm.
qual_sodic | Sodic qualifier (so): ESP >= 6% (incl. SAR-derived).
qual_solimovic | Solimovic qualifier (sv): solimovic material (mass-movement deposits).
qual_sombric | Sombric qualifier (sm): sombric horizon (humus-illuviated layer at depth) within 200 cm. WRB excludes layers that simultaneously meet spodic or ferralic criteria from being Sombric - those have specific qualifiers of their own. v0.9.1 enforces both exclusions.
qual_someric | Someric qualifier (sm): anthric epipedon over chernic / mollic
qual_spodic | Spodic qualifier (sd): spodic horizon <= 200 cm.
qual_spolic | Spolic qualifier (sp): >= 20% mineral spoil artefacts (mining / industrial-process slag) in the upper 100 cm. v0.9.1 proxy: designation pattern ('Cspol|spoil|slag|mine') or 'rock_origin == "spoil"'. Hard schema column 'artefacts_spolic_pct' scheduled for v0.9.2.
qual_stagnic | Stagnic qualifier (st): stagnic properties <= 75 cm.
qual_subaquatic | Subaquatic qualifier (sq): permanently under water. v0.9.1: site$drainage_class == "subaquatic" or "submerged".
qual_sulfatic | Sulfatic supplementary qualifier (su): high sulfate content WRB 2022 Ch 5: "Containing >= 25% gypsum or >= 5% sulfate by mass."
qual_sulfidic | Sulfidic qualifier (sf): hyper- OR hyposulfidic material in upper 100 cm (the WRB Sulfidic qualifier covers either acidification class).
qual_takyric | Takyric qualifier (ty): takyric properties in upper 50 cm.
qual_technic | Technic qualifier (tc): >= 20% artefacts in upper 100 cm OR equivalent geomembrane / technic-hard cover.
qual_tephric | Tephric qualifier (tf): tephric material >= 30 cm in upper 100 cm.
qual_terric | Terric qualifier (te): terric horizon (anthropogenic added mineral material on top of cultivated land).
qual_thionic | Thionic qualifier (tn): thionic horizon within 100 cm.
qual_thixotropic | Thixotropic supplementary qualifier (tx): thixotropic behavior
qual_thyric | Thyric qualifier (ty): organic technic material in upper 100 cm
qual_tidalic | Tidalic qualifier (td): subject to tidal flooding. v0.9.1: site$drainage_class contains "tidal".
qual_tonguic | Tonguic qualifier (tg): tongues of A horizon penetrating into B
qual_toxic | Toxic qualifier (tx): toxic concentration of organic or inorganic constituents.
qual_transportic | Transportic qualifier (tr): transported material (Technosols / Regosols)
qual_turbic | Turbic qualifier (tb): cryoturbation features within 100 cm. v0.9.1 proxy: cryic conditions + designation pattern ('turb|jj|cryot') OR slickensides "common"/"many" in a cryic profile.
qual_umbric | Umbric qualifier (um): umbric horizon.
qual_urbic | Urbic qualifier (ub): >= 20% urbic artefacts (rubble, refuse) in the upper 100 cm.
qual_uterquic | Uterquic supplementary qualifier (uq): bidirectional water regime
qual_vermic | Vermic qualifier (vm): >= 50% bioturbation by worm casts / krotovinas in the upper 100 cm. v0.9.1: 'worm_holes_pct >= 50'.
qual_vertic | Vertic qualifier (vr): vertic horizon <= 100 cm.
qual_vetic | Vetic qualifier (vt): CEC (1 N NH4OAc, pH 7) by clay does not exceed 6 cmol+/kg clay in some layer at <= 100 cm. Stronger than the ferralic-CEC threshold (<= 16 cmol+/kg clay).
qual_vitric | Vitric qualifier (vi): vitric properties >= 30 cm within 100 cm.
qual_wapnic | Wapnic qualifier (wp): soft, moist limnic material >= 80% CaCO3
qual_xanthic | Xanthic qualifier (xa): ferralic + hue 7.5YR or yellower + value >= 4 + chroma >= 5.
qual_yermic | Yermic qualifier (ye): yermic properties in upper 50 cm.
quartzipsamment_qualifying_usda | Quartzipsamment helper (Quartzipsamments: >= 95% resistant minerals)

## -- R --

read_febr_pedons | Load FEBR datasets as a list of PedonRecord objects
reducing_conditions | Reducing conditions (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.10) - per-pedon test wrapping 'test_reducing_conditions'.
rendoll_qualifying_usda | Rendolls qualifier: shallow soil over carbonate parent material. Pass when CaCO3 >= 40% in subsurface AND profile depth < 100 cm to a contact.
report | Render a soilKey classification report
report_html | Render a soilKey classification report as self-contained HTML
report_pdf | Render a soilKey classification report as PDF
report_to_qgis | Export a classification result + pedon to a QGIS GeoPackage
resolve_wrb_qualifiers | Resolve WRB 2022 qualifiers for a Reference Soil Group
retic_properties | Retic properties (WRB 2022)
rhodic_subgroup_usda | Rhodic Subgroup helper (Oxisols, Mollisols, etc.) Pass when 50%+ colors have hue <= 2.5YR AND value <= 3 in B horizons 25-125 cm.
run_classify_app | Launch the soilKey interactive classification Shiny app
run_demo | Launch the soilKey Shiny demo (one-screen GUI)
run_sibcs_grande_grupo | Resolve o grande grupo (3o nivel) de um pedon classificado em uma subordem SiBCS
run_sibcs_key | Roda a chave SiBCS 5a edicao sobre um pedon
run_sibcs_subgrupo | Resolve o subgrupo (4o nivel) de um pedon classificado em um Grande Grupo SiBCS
run_sibcs_subordem | Resolve a subordem de um pedon ja classificado em uma ordem SiBCS
run_taxa_list | Iterate a flat taxa list and evaluate tests in canonical order
run_taxonomic_key | Run a taxonomic key (system-agnostic engine)
run_usda_great_group | Run the USDA Great Group key for a given Suborder
run_usda_key | Run the USDA Soil Taxonomy Order key over a pedon
run_usda_subgroup | Run the USDA Subgroup key for a given Great Group
run_usda_suborder | Run the USDA Suborder key for a given Order
run_wrb_key | Run the WRB 2022 key over a pedon
ruptic_histic_subgroup_usda | Ruptic-Histic Subgroup helper
ruptic_subgroup_usda | Ruptic Subgroup helper (Histoturbels / Historthels)

## -- S --

salic | Salic horizon (WRB 2022)
salic_horizon_usda | Salic horizon (USDA, delegates to WRB salic).
salic_subgroup_usda | Salic Subgroup helper Wraps salic_horizon_usda. Used for Salaquerts/Salitorrerts/etc.
saprico | Material organico saprico (SiBCS Cap 14)
sapric_predominant_usda | Sapric_predominant_usda: Saprists Suborder qualifier Pass when thickness of sapric > thickness of fibric+hemic in 0-130 cm.
sapric_subgroup_usda | Sapric Subgroup helper (Sphagnofibrists)
save_ossl_models | Save / load trained OSSL-backed PLSR models
shrink_swell_cracks | Shrink-swell cracks (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.12) - per-pedon test wrapping 'test_shrink_swell_cracks'.
sideralic_properties | Sideralic properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.13)
smr_aridic_usda | Aridic soil moisture regime (USDA)
smr_torric_usda | Torric soil moisture regime (USDA)
smr_udic_usda | Udic soil moisture regime (USDA)
smr_ustic_usda | Ustic soil moisture regime (USDA)
smr_xeric_usda | Xeric soil moisture regime (USDA)
sodic_subgroup_usda | Sodic Subgroup helper - delegate to natric_horizon (USDA)
soilgrids_usda_lut | SoilGrids -> USDA Soil Order lookup table (placeholder)
soilgrids_wrb_lut | SoilGrids -> WRB code lookup table
soil_classes_at_location | Likely soil classes at a geographic location (spatial classification aid)
soil_moisture_regime_usda | Soil moisture regime helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, pp 50-52)
soil_organic_carbon | Soil organic carbon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.16): organic C that does NOT belong to artefacts. v0.3.3: any layer with oc_pct >= 0.1 and artefacts_industrial_pct < 35.
soil_temperature_regime_usda | Soil temperature regime helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, pp 53-58)
solimovic_material | Solimovic material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.17): hetero genous mass-movement material on slopes / footslopes (formerly "colluvic"). v0.3.3: detects via 'rock_origin == "colluvial"' OR 'layer_origin == "solimovic"'.
sombric | Sombric horizon (WRB 2022): subsurface accumulation of humus that qualified neither as spodic nor as a true mollic-like horizon (low-base-saturation cool tropical highlands). v0.3.3 detects via designation pattern + OC criteria (BS < 50, OC > 0.6, depth > 25 cm).
sombric_subgroup_usda | Sombric Subgroup helper (Oxisols Sombri-) Pass when sombric horizon (humus illuviation in tropics) is present. v0.8: detects via 'sombric' designation OR a B horizon with V<=4 + V<=4 + chroma<=2 + OC>1 in 50-150 cm.
spatial_prior | Spatial prior over RSGs (or Orders) at a pedon's location
spatial_prior_embrapa | Embrapa national soil-class spatial prior (Brazil only)
spatial_prior_soilgrids | SoilGrids spatial prior
sphagnic_usda | Sphagnic Subgroup helper (Histels Fibristels)
spodic | Spodic horizon (WRB 2022)
spodic_andisol_usda | Spodic-Andisols Subgroup helper Pass when albic horizon overlies a cambic OR spodic horizon, OR when a spodic horizon is present in 50%+ of the pedon.
spodic_horizon_usda | Spodosols Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed)
spodic_subgroup_usda | Spodic Subgroup helper for Psammorthels/Psammoturbels
spodosol_usda | Spodosols (USDA Cap 14): spodic horizon (illuvial Al/Fe/OC).
stagnic_properties | Stagnic properties (WRB 2022)
str_cryic_usda | Cryic soil temperature regime (USDA)
str_gelic_usda | Gelic soil temperature regime (USDA)
st_features_canonical | USDA Soil Taxonomy diagnostic features canonical table
subgrupo_planossolo_espessos | Subgrupo "espessos" de Planossolos (B planico profundo, > 100 cm)
subgrupo_planossolo_mesicos | Subgrupo "mesicos" de Planossolos (B planico topo em [50, 100] cm)
subgrupo_plintossolo_endico_concrecionario | Subgrupo "endico" de Plintossolos Concrecionarios (topo de horizonte concrecionario >= 40 cm)
subgrupo_plintossolo_endico_litoplintico | Subgrupo "endico" de Plintossolos Litoplinticos (topo de horizonte litoplintico >= 40 cm)
subgrupo_plintossolo_espessos | Subgrupo "espessos" de Plintossolos (horizonte plintico topo > 100 cm)
sulfic_subgroup_usda | Sulfic Subgroup helper (Haplowassists) Pass when sulfidic materials within 100 cm.
sulfidic_materials_usda | Sulfidic materials helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3, p 49)
sulfuric_horizon_usda | Sulfuric horizon helper (USDA, KST 13ed Ch 3)

## -- T --

takyric_properties | Takyric properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.15) - per-pedon test wrapping 'test_takyric_surface'.
technic_features | Technic features (WRB 2022)
technic_hard_material | Technic hard material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.18): consolidated human-made material (asphalt, concrete, worked stones).
tephric_material | Tephric material (WRB 2022 Ch 3.3.19): \>= 30% volcanic glass in 0.02-2 mm fraction AND no andic / vitric properties.
terric | Terric horizon (WRB 2022): topsoil thickened by long-term application of mineral material (sediment / sand additions). v0.3.3: thickness >= 20 cm + designation Au / Apc.
terric_usda | Terric Subgroup helper (Histels)
test_abrupt_textural_change | Test for an abrupt textural change between adjacent horizons
test_al_saturation_above | Test that aluminium saturation is at or above a threshold
test_al_saturation_below | Test that aluminium saturation is below a threshold
test_andic_alfe | Test the andic Al/Fe oxalate criterion: (al_ox + 0.5*fe_ox) >= 2.0%
test_artefacts_concentration | Test that artefacts_pct >= threshold within the upper max_top_cm
test_bs_above | Test that base saturation is at or above a threshold
test_bs_below | Test that base saturation is below a threshold
test_bulk_density_below | Test that bulk density is at or below a threshold
test_caco3_concentration | Test for CaCO3 concentration above threshold (per layer)
test_carbonates_present | Test for any layer with caco3_pct above a (low) threshold
test_caso4_concentration | Test for CaSO4 (gypsum) concentration above threshold (per layer)
test_cec_per_clay | Test CEC (1M NH4OAc, pH 7) per kg clay <= threshold
test_cec_per_clay_above | Test that CEC per kg clay is at or above a threshold
test_chernic_color | Test for chroma <= 2 (moist) within the upper part of the profile
test_clay_above | Test that clay_pct is at or above a threshold
test_clay_increase_argic | Test the argic / argillic clay-increase criterion
test_coarse_texture_throughout | Test for coarse texture throughout the upper part of the profile
test_designation_pattern | Test that a horizon designation matches a regex pattern
test_duripan_concentration | Test that duripan_pct >= threshold (Si-cemented nodules)
test_ecec_per_clay | Test effective CEC (sum of bases + Al) per kg clay <= threshold
test_ec_concentration | Test for electrical conductivity above threshold (per layer)
test_esp_above | Test exchangeable sodium percentage above threshold
test_ferralic_texture | Ferralic texture: sandy loam or finer (same predicate as argic)
test_ferralic_thickness | Ferralic minimum thickness >= 30 cm (WRB 2022)
test_fe_dcb_above | Test for high free-iron content ('fe_dcb_pct' >= threshold)
test_fluvic_stratification | Test for fluvic stratification: irregular OC pattern + texture variability across consecutive horizons
test_gleyic_features | Test for gleyic redoximorphic features within top 50 cm
test_minimum_thickness | Test minimum horizon thickness
test_mollic_base_saturation | Mollic base-saturation test (NH4OAc, pH 7, default >= 50%)
test_mollic_color | Mollic Munsell color test (WRB 2022)
test_mollic_organic_carbon | Mollic organic-carbon test (WRB 2022, default >= 0.6%)
test_mollic_structure | Mollic structure test (WRB 2022)
test_mollic_thickness | Mollic thickness test (default >= 20 cm in v0.1)
test_oc_above | Test that organic carbon is at or above a threshold
test_ph_below | Test that ph_h2o is at or below a threshold
test_plinthite_concentration | Test for plinthite concentration above threshold (per layer)
test_salic_product | Test the salic horizon EC * thickness product (WRB 2022)
test_slickensides_present | Test for slickensides at or above a presence level
test_spodic_aluminum_iron | Test the spodic Al/Fe oxalate criterion: (al_ox + 0.5*fe_ox) >= threshold
test_stagnic_pattern | Test for stagnic redox features (perched water signature)
test_texture_argic | Test sandy-loam-or-finer texture (used by argic, ferralic)
test_top_at_or_above | Test that a candidate layer starts at or above a top_cm threshold
texture_class_from_pct | NRCS texture-class shorthand from clay / silt / sand percent
thaptic_subgroup_usda | Thaptic Subgroup helper (Andisols) Pass when, between 25 and 100 cm, a 10+ cm layer with OC > 3.0% and mollic colors exists, underlying lighter horizons.
thapto_humic_usda | Thapto-Humic Subgroup helper
thionic | Thionic horizon (WRB 2022): post-oxidation acid sulfate horizon. Requires sulfidic_s_pct >= 0.01 AND pH(H2O) <= 4.
train_pls_from_ossl | Train pre-trained PLSR models from an OSSL library
tsitelic | Tsitelic horizon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.1)
turbic_subgroup_usda | Turbic Subgroup helper (Gelods) Pass when gelic materials are present within 200 cm. Implementation: cryoturbation + permafrost within 200 cm.

## -- U --

ultic_subgroup_usda | Ultic Subgroup helper: argillic or kandic (any BS).
ultisol_qualifying_usda | Ultisol Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 2) Pass when argillic OR kandic horizon present + BS < 35% in some part of the upper 200 cm.
ultisol_usda | Ultisols (USDA Cap 15): argillic/kandic horizon + base saturation < 35%.
umbric_epipedon_usda | Umbric epipedon (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 13th edition)
umbric_horizon | Umbric horizon (WRB 2022)
umbric_subgroup_usda | Umbric Subgroup helper (in Spodosols) Pass when umbric_epipedon_usda passes.
usda_to_wrb_rsg | USDA Soil Taxonomy <-> WRB Reference Soil Group correlation table

## -- V --

validate_pedon_json | Validate a PedonRecord against the JSON schema
vermic_subgroup_usda | Vermic Subgroup helper (Vermudolls / Vermustolls) Pass when worm_holes_pct >= 50% in some horizon (KST 13ed worm burrow criterion).
vertic_aridisol_usda | Vertic Aridisols helper - delegates to vertic_subgroup_usda
vertic_horizon | Vertic horizon (WRB 2022 Ch 3.1)
vertic_properties | Vertic properties (WRB 2022)
vertic_subgroup_usda | Vertic Subgroup helper (USDA, KST 13ed)
vertisol | Vertisol RSG gate (WRB 2022 Ch 4, p 101)
vertisol_qualifying_usda | Vertisol Order qualifier (USDA, KST 13ed, Ch 2 / Ch 3 vertic horizon) Pass when a vertic horizon (clay >= 30, cracks, slickensides, LE) is present. Delegates to WRB 'vertic_horizon'.
vertisol_usda | Vertisols (USDA Cap 16): slickensides + cracks. Delegates to vertic_horizon.
vertissolo | Vertissolos (SiBCS Cap 4, p 112; conceito Cap 3, p 105-106)
vertissolo_ebanico | Vertissolos Ebanicos (Cap 17): caracter ebanico em B (cores escuras dominantes).
vertissolo_haplico | Vertissolos Haplicos (catch-all).
vertissolo_hidromorfico | Vertissolos Hidromorficos (Cap 17): horizonte glei OR caracter redoxico.
vitrandic_subgroup_usda | Vitrandic Subgroup helper (USDA, KST 13ed)
vitrand_qualifying_usda | Vitrands qualifier (Cap 6, pp 117-118) Pass when 1500 kPa water retention < 15% (air-dried) and < 30% (undried) throughout 60%+ of the thickness. v0.8 proxy: uses water_content_1500kpa < 15%.
vitric_properties | Vitric properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.16)
vitric_subgroup_usda | Vitric Subgroup helper (Andisols) Pass when volcanic_glass_pct >= 30 in a 25+ cm layer within 100 cm.
vlm_pick_provider | Pick the best available VLM provider
vlm_provider | Construct a VLM provider chat object

## -- W --

wassent_qualifying_usda | Wassent Suborder qualifier (subaqueous Entisol). Pass when site$water_table_cm_above_surface > 0 (water column permanently above the surface).
wassist_qualifying_usda | Wassists Suborder qualifier (KST 13ed, Ch 10, p 203)
wrb06_code_to_rsg | WRB 2006 RSG code -> 2022 RSG name
wrb2022_canonical | WRB 2022 canonical reference (parsed IUSS Working Group WRB 2022)

## -- X --

xanthic_subgroup_usda | Xanthic Subgroup helper (Oxisols) Pass when 50%+ colors have hue >= 7.5YR AND value >= 6 in B horizons.

## -- Y --

yermic_properties | Yermic properties (WRB 2022 Ch 3.2.17) - per-pedon test wrapping 'test_yermic_surface'.

## -- misc --

%||% | Default-value-for-NULL operator