# End-to-end pipeline: Gemma 4 + spatial + spectral + key + GIS export

This vignette walks the complete soilKey pipeline on a real Brazilian soil profile, hitting every public entry point in canonical order:

1. Spatial guide — `soil_classes_at_location()` returns ranked likely classes at the field GPS coordinate before any pedon data is collected.
2. Multimodal extraction — `classify_from_documents()` runs Gemma 4 (local Ollama) on a soil-description PDF and a profile-wall photograph, extracts horizons + Munsell + site metadata, and feeds everything into a `PedonRecord`.
3. Spectral analogy — `classify_by_spectral_neighbours()` consumes a Vis-NIR scan of the surface horizon, finds the K most similar OSSL profiles within a regional radius, and returns a probabilistic class prediction.
4. Deterministic classification — `classify_wrb2022()`, `classify_sibcs(include_familia = TRUE)`, `classify_usda()` walk the canonical YAML rules and produce the final names with full key trace + provenance + evidence grade.
5. Reports — `report()` writes a self-contained HTML pedologist report.
6. GIS export — `report_to_qgis()` produces a multi-layer GeoPackage that QGIS opens natively.

The whole pipeline runs offline once the Ollama Gemma 4 model is pulled; the only network hit is the optional SoilGrids fetch in step 1.

# 1. Set the scene

We use a canonical Latossolo Vermelho Distrocoeso from the Mata Atlântica around Seropédica, RJ, parent material gneiss. The fixture mimics a real Embrapa survey profile.

    # Field GPS coordinates of the planned profile pit.
    field_lat <- -22.7
    field_lon <- -43.7

# 2. Spatial guide – before any pedon data

`soil_classes_at_location()` queries SoilGrids 2.0 (or any WRB-coded raster the user provides) and returns a ranked list of likely classes plus the canonical attribute thresholds that distinguish them.

    guide <- soil_classes_at_location(
      lat        = field_lat,
      lon        = field_lon,
      system     = "wrb2022",
      source_url = "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/wrb/MostProbable.vrt"
    )

    guide$distribution
    #> # Ranked candidate classes:
    #> # rsg_code  rsg_name      probability
    #> # FR        Ferralsols    0.62
    #> # AC        Acrisols      0.21
    #> # NT        Nitisols      0.12
    #> # CM        Cambisols     0.05
    guide$typical_attributes
    #> # Per-class diagnostic thresholds to confirm in the field.

The function does not classify – it tells the pedologist “you are most likely standing on a Ferralsol; here is what to look for to confirm”.

# 3. Multimodal extraction with local Gemma 4

The pedologist arrives at the pit, photographs the wall against a Munsell chart, scans the field sheet, and exports the survey report PDF. `classify_from_documents()` chains the entire downstream pipeline – VLM extraction, all three classifications, optional report rendering – in a single call.

The default provider is local Gemma 4 edge (`gemma4:e4b`, ~3 GB, multimodal text + image + audio) via Ollama – no API key, no data leaving the laptop. Pull the model once:

    ollama pull gemma4:e4b
    ollama serve

    res <- classify_from_documents(
      pdf      = "perfil_042_descricao.pdf",
      image    = "perfil_042_parede.jpg",
      report   = "perfil_042.html",
      provider = "ollama"  # default; uses gemma4:e4b
    )

    res$classifications$wrb$name
    #> [1] "Geric Ferric Rhodic Chromic Ferralsol (Clayic, Humic, Dystric, Ochric, Rubic)"
    res$classifications$sibcs$name
    #> [1] "Latossolos Vermelhos Distroficos tipicos, argilosa, moderado"
    res$classifications$usda$name
    #> [1] "Rhodic Hapludox"

Every extracted attribute is stamped `source = "extracted_vlm"` in the `PedonRecord`’s provenance log; the deterministic key is consumed by the `PedonRecord` unaware of how each value got there. The architectural invariant – the key is never delegated to a model – holds.

For the rest of the vignette we keep working with the populated pedon `res$pedon`.

    # For a runnable demo without Ollama / a real PDF, reuse the
    # canonical Ferralsol fixture -- the downstream code is the same.
    pedon <- make_ferralsol_canonical()

# 4. Spectral analogy

If a Vis-NIR scan is available for the surface horizon, `classify_by_spectral_neighbours()` adds another evidence layer. It finds the K most spectrally similar OSSL profiles within a regional radius and returns a probabilistic class prediction.

    # Hypothetical: a real OSSL South-America library with WRB labels
    # obtained via `download_ossl_subset_with_labels()`.
    ossl_lib <- download_ossl_subset_with_labels(
      region          = "south_america",
      max_distance_km = 10
    )

    # Pull the surface-horizon Vis-NIR scan from the populated pedon.
    query_spectrum <- pedon$spectra$vnir[1, ]

    spectral <- classify_by_spectral_neighbours(
      spectrum     = query_spectrum,
      ossl_library = ossl_lib,
      k            = 25,
      region       = list(lat = field_lat, lon = field_lon,
                          radius_km = 500)
    )
    spectral$distribution
    #> # class    n_neighbours  probability
    #> # FR              22       0.88
    #> # AC               2       0.08
    #> # NT               1       0.04
    spectral$neighbours
    #> # The 25 closest OSSL profiles + their distances + labels.

The biome-aware regional filter prevents the analogy from drifting to non-tropical reference soils.

# 5. Deterministic classification

The canonical step. `classify_wrb2022()` / `classify_sibcs()` / `classify_usda()` walk the canonical YAML rules over the populated `PedonRecord`.

    cls_wrb   <- classify_wrb2022(pedon, on_missing = "silent")
    cls_sibcs <- classify_sibcs(pedon, include_familia = TRUE)
    cls_usda  <- classify_usda(pedon)

    cls_wrb$name
    #> [1] "Geric Ferric Rhodic Chromic Ferralsol (Clayic, Humic, Dystric, Ochric, Rubic)"
    cls_sibcs$name
    #> [1] "Latossolos Vermelhos Distroficos tipicos, argilosa, moderado"
    cls_usda$name
    #> [1] "Rhodic Hapludox"

    # Each ClassificationResult carries the full key trace, the per-
    # attribute provenance, and an evidence grade A/B/C/D.
    cls_wrb$evidence_grade
    #> [1] "A"
    length(cls_wrb$trace)         # number of RSGs tested before assignment
    #> [1] 16

# 6. HTML report

`report()` writes a self-contained HTML one-pager with the cross-system summary, full key trace, evidence grade, qualifiers, ambiguities, missing-data hints, the horizons table, and the per-source provenance summary.

    results <- list(wrb = cls_wrb, sibcs = cls_sibcs, usda = cls_usda)
    report(results, file = file.path(tempdir(), "perfil_042.html"),
           pedon = pedon)

The output is a single HTML file with inline CSS – no external network requests, suitable for emailing to a colleague or attaching to a laudo.

# 7. GIS export

`report_to_qgis()` produces a multi-layer GeoPackage (`.gpkg`) that QGIS reads natively.

    results <- list(wrb = cls_wrb, sibcs = cls_sibcs, usda = cls_usda)
    report_to_qgis(
      pedon           = pedon,
      classifications = results,
      file            = file.path(tempdir(), "perfil_042.gpkg"),
      report_html     = file.path(tempdir(), "perfil_042.html")
    )

The GeoPackage carries three layers:

- `pedon_point` – POINT geometry at the profile coordinates with all classification metadata as attributes (WRB / SiBCS / USDA names, RSG / Ordem / Order codes, evidence grades, principal qualifiers, supplementary qualifiers, hyperlink to the rendered HTML report).
- `horizons_table` – one row per horizon, with the canonical horizon-schema attributes. Joined to `pedon_point` by `site_id`.
- `provenance_log` – per-`(horizon, attribute, source)` provenance rows for downstream auditing.

In QGIS: Layer → Add Layer → Add Vector Layer → `perfil_042.gpkg`. The point appears on the canvas with all classification metadata in the feature pop-up; styling rules can map symbol colour to the evidence grade or the assigned RSG.

# 8. The complete picture

    # Pipeline summary:
    #
    #   field GPS      ->  soil_classes_at_location()         "what to expect"
    #                                  |
    #                                  v
    #   PDF + photo    ->  classify_from_documents() (Gemma 4)  populates PedonRecord
    #                                  |
    #                                  v
    #   Vis-NIR scan   ->  classify_by_spectral_neighbours()    spectral prior
    #                                  |
    #                                  v
    #                  ->  classify_wrb2022()  + classify_sibcs() + classify_usda()
    #                                  |       (the deterministic step -- canonical)
    #                                  v
    #                  ->  report() / report_to_qgis()         deliverables

Each step’s output carries explicit provenance into the next; the final `evidence_grade` reflects the worst-source rule applied to the attributes that were decisive in the assigned name. Two pedologists running this pipeline on the same documents get the same output bit-for-bit.

# Summary

soilKey separates four distinct stages:

1. Spatial guides (`soil_classes_at_location`) – expectations from a soil-class raster.
2. Extraction (`classify_from_documents`, `extract_*`) – VLM populates a `PedonRecord`, never classifies.
3. Spectral analogy (`classify_by_spectral_neighbours`) – OSSL nearest-neighbour analogy as a prior.
4. Deterministic classification (`classify_wrb2022 / classify_sibcs / classify_usda`) – the canonical step.

Plus two delivery formats: HTML reports (`report`) and GeoPackage exports (`report_to_qgis`). All four stages preserve provenance and evidence grading; the deterministic key remains the only thing that assigns a class.